Table 1 Summary of previously reported methods for Sr removal from oilfield produced water.
Method | Chemicals and equipment | Removal efficiency | Limitation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Electrodialysis | 1.PCCell ED 64 electrodialysis cell system 2.A single peristaltic pump 3. DC power supply | 73% | 1. High cost of energy and electrodes 2. Applicable only at the laboratory scale | |
Adsorption | 1.strongly acidic resin(Macroporous styrene divinylbenzene) | 60% | 1. Waste production during media regeneration 2. inefficiency at high TDS | |
Solvent extraction | 1. D2EHPA as extractant 2. Kerosene as a diluent solvent | 100% | 1. Environmental pollution due to organic solvents 2. Solution’s acidity limitation 3. Equipment corrosion 4. Secondary waste | |
Membrane filtration | 1. porous resin composite and Hybrid resin composite membrane | 75% | 1. Secondary waste production 2. High energy consumption 3. Membrane fouling | |
Chemical precipitation | 1. Na₂SO₄ salt | 90% | 1. high amount of chemical usage 2. High retention time | |
86% | ||||
1. Na₂CO3 salt | 42.5% | |||
Electrocoagulation | 1. Electrolytic cell 2. DC power supplier 3. Anode and cathode plates | 72% | 1. scale-up limitation |
