Table 1 Clinical characteristics and prescription details of the patients included in the population-based cohort using the HIRA database.

Age (years)

 < 20

1731 (4.8%)

6609 (2.9%)

 < 0.001

 20–39

10,708 (29.8%)

66,345 (29.5%)

 40–59

11,814 (32.9%)

76,196 (33.9%)

 ≥ 60

11,702 (32.6%)

75,640 (33.7%)

Sex

 Male

21,953 (61.1%)

79,631 (35.4%)

 < 0.001

 Female

14,002 (38.9%)

145,159 (64.6%)

Medical indications for use (multiple diagnoses allowed)

 Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders

6250 (17.4%)

9649 (4.3%)

 < 0.001

 Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use

4,129 (11.5%)

7,877 (3.5%)

 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders

13,575 (37.8%)

22,175 (9.9%)

 Mood (affective] disorders)

21,772 (60.6%)

146,219 (65.1%)

 Anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform and other nonpsychotic mental disorders

13,773 (38.3%)

145,867 (64.9%)

 Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors

14,027 (39.0%)

66,349 (29.5%)

 Disorders of adult personality and behavior

840 (2.3%)

2523 (1.1%)

 Mental retardation

1259 (3.5%)

534 (0.2%)

 Disorders of psychological development

683 (1.9%)

181 (0.1%)

 Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence

1319 (3.7%)

2712 (1.2%)

 Unspecified mental disorder

82 (0.2%)

178 (0.1%)

Systemic diseases

 Diabetes mellitus

14,404 (40.1%)

80,001 (35.6%)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension

16,285 (45.3%)

94,493 (42.0%)

 < 0.001

 Dyslipidemia

12,809 (35.6%)

95,633 (42.5%)

 < 0.001

 Mean (SD)/median duration of use, months

12.2 (27.7)/2.1

8.0 (17.8)/1.7

N/A

 Mean daily dose, mg

90.2 ± 75.0

3.0 ± 1.7

N/A

 Mean cumulative dose, g

41.0 ± 137.0

0.8 ± 2.1

N/A