Table 3 Associations between green space and left ear hearing thresholds. P trend values are reported for all models.

From: Effect of green space in the workplace on hearing thresholds in noise exposed population

 

Model1a

β (95%CI)

P

Model2b

β (95%CI)

P e

NDVI250

Low (< 25%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Low-medium (25–50%)

− 0.157 (− 0.443,0.129)

0.283

− 0.272 (− 0.572,0.028)

0.076

Medium-high (50–75%)

− 0.239 (− 0.672,0.194)

0.281

− 0.264 (− 0.686,0.158)

0.204

High (≥ 75%)

− 0.701 (− 1.036,− 0.366)

< 0.001*

− 0.816 (− 1.192,− 0.440)

< 0.001*

P-trend c

− 1.469 (− 2.157,− 0.783)

< 0.001*

− 1.603 (− 2.336,− 0.870)

< 0.001*

Continuous d

− 1.553 (− 2.166,− 0.940)

0.001*

− 1.753 (− 2.375,− 1.131)

< 0.001*

SAVI250

Low (< 25%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Low-medium (25–50%)

− 0.083 (− 0.297,0.130)

0.274

− 0.054 (− 0.310,0.201)

0.677

Medium-high (50–75%)

− 0.139 (− 0.580,0.301)

0.828

− 0.128 (− 0.583,0.328)

0.582

High (≥ 75%)

− 0.681 (− 0.992,− 0.369)

< 0.001*

− 0.699 (− 1.073,− 0.325)

< 0.001*

P-trend

− 1.938 (− 3.017,− 0.860)

< 0.001*

− 2.062 (− 3.234,− 0.890)

< 0.001*

Continuous

− 1.976 (− 2.718,− 1.233)

< 0.001*

− 2.165 (− 3.059,− 1.270)

< 0.001*

  1. All regression models were estimated with cluster-robust standard errors at the workplace level to account for potential intra-cluster dependence.
  2. NDVI are calculated after zeroing negative values.
  3. aModel 1 was adjusted for age and sex.
  4. bModel 2 included covariates from Model 1 plus smoking, drinking, BMI, working age, diagnosed ear disease.
  5. cP for trend was calculated by modelling the median value of each category.
  6. dβ (95% CI) was calculated based on a 0.1 unit increase in NDVI within a 250 m buffer zone.
  7. eSignificance level: *P < 0.05.
Back to article page