Table 4 Associations between green space and right ear hearing thresholds. P trend values are reported for all models.

From: Effect of green space in the workplace on hearing thresholds in noise exposed population

 

Model1a

β (95% CI)

P

Model2 b

β (95% CI)

P e

NDVI250

Low (< 25%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Low-medium (25–50%)

− 0.329 (− 0.580, − 0.078)

0.010*

− 0.424 (− 0.687,− 0.162)

0.002*

Medium-high (50–75%)

− 0.278 (− 0.656,0.101)

0.150

− 0.291 (− 0.672,0.089)

0.134

High (≥ 75%)

− 0.754 (− 1.096,− 0.413)

< 0.001*

− 0.843 (− 1.235,− 0.450)

< 0.001*

P-trend c

− 1.442 (− 2.188,− 0.697)

< 0.001*

− 1.518 (− 2.436,− 0.602)

0.001*

Continuous d

− 1.673 (− 2.325,− 1.021)

< 0.001*

− 1.805 (− 2.629,− 0.981)

< 0.001*

SAVI250

Low (< 25%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Low-medium (25–50%)

0.043 (− 0.276, 0.363)

0.790

0.079 (− 0.296,0.454)

0.679

Medium-high (50–75%)

− 0.012 (− 0.457,0.433)

0.957

0.016 (− 0.455,0.488)

0.946

High (≥ 75%)

− 0.637 (− 1.039,− 0.234)

0.002*

− 0.633 (− 1.108,− 0.158)

0.009*

P-trend

− 2.038 (− 3.245,− 0.832)

0.001*

− 2.101 (− 3.514,− 0.688)

0.004*

Continuous

− 2.148 (− 3.206,− 1.090)

< 0.001*

− 2.252 (− 3.633,− 0.872)

< 0.001*

  1. All regression models were estimated with cluster-robust standard errors at the workplace level to account for potential intra-cluster dependence.
  2. NDVI are calculated after zeroing negative values.
  3. aModel 1 was adjusted for age and sex.
  4. bModel 2 included covariates from Model 1 plus smoking, drinking, BMI, working age, diagnosed ear disease。.
  5. cP for trend was calculated by modelling the median value of each category.
  6. dβ (95% CI) was calculated based on a 0.1 unit increase in NDVI within a 250-meter buffer zone.
  7. eSignificance level: *P < 0.05.
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