Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants in CHARLS 2015 (Wave 3).
Characteristica | Overall (n = 9293) | Non-CKM (n = 845) | CKM (n = 8448) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 61.38 ± 9.28 | 60.60 ± 9.26 | 62.46 ± 9.19 | < 0.001 |
Sex | < 0.001 | |||
Male | 3882 (41.77%) | 58 (6.86%) | 3824 (45.27%) | |
Female | 5411 (58.23%) | 787 (93.14%) | 4624 (54.73%) | |
Residence | < 0.001 | |||
Rural | 5846 (62.91%) | 581 (68.76%) | 5265 (62.33%) | |
Urban | 3447 (37.09%) | 264 (31.24%) | 3183 (37.68%) | |
Marital status b | 0.005 | |||
Married and living with a spouse | 7609 (81.88%) | 707 (83.67%) | 6902 (81.76%) | |
Married but living without a spouse | 381 (4.10%) | 46 (5.44%) | 335 (3.97%) | |
Single, divorced, and windowed | 1297 (13.96%) | 92 (10.89%) | 1205 (14.27%) | |
Education status | 0.017 | |||
Elementary school or below | 6394 (68.80%) | 612 (72.43%) | 5782 (68.44%) | |
Middle school or above | 2899 (31.20%) | 233 (27.57%) | 2666 (31.56%) | |
Smoking status | < 0.001 | |||
Non-smoker | 5629 (60.57%) | 782 (92.54%) | 4847 (57.39%) | |
Smoker | 3664 (39.43%) | 64 (7.46%) | 3600 (42.61%) | |
Drinking statusb | < 0.001 | |||
Drink but less than once a month | 775 (8.34%) | 72 (8.57%) | 703 (8.34%) | |
Drink more than once a month | 2237 (24.07%) | 96 (11.43%) | 2141 (25.41%) | |
Non-drinker | 6255 (67.31%) | 672 (80.00%) | 5583 (66.25%) | |
Cooking fuel useb | 0.583 | |||
Clean fuel | 3194 (34.37%) | 258 (58.64%) | 2936 (57.29%) | |
Solid fuel | 2371 (25.51%) | 182 (41.36%) | 2189 (42.71%) | |
Lung diseaseb | < 0.001 | |||
No | 7987 (85.95%) | 770 (91.56%) | 7217 (85.69%) | |
Yes | 1276 (13.73%) | 71 (8.44%) | 1205 (14.31%) | |
Liver diseaseb | 0.004 | |||
No | 8651 (93.09%) | 809 (95.97%) | 7842 (93.42%) | |
Yes | 586 (6.31%) | 34 (4.03%) | 552 (6.58%) | |
Arthritis diseaseb | 0.023 | |||
No | 5167 (56.08%) | 501 (59.29%) | 4666 (55.23%) | |
Yes | 4046 (43.91%) | 336 (39.76%) | 3710 (43.92%) | |
Digeste diseaseb | 0.610 | |||
No | 6391 (68.77%) | 576 (68.41%) | 5815 (69.26%) | |
Yes | 2847 (30.64%) | 266 (31.59%) | 2581 (30.74%) | |
Anti-diabetes medicineb | < 0.001 | |||
No | 8377 (90.14%) | 845 (100.0%) | 7532 (89.16%) | |
Yes | 681 (7.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 681 (8.06%) | |
Anti-hypertension medicineb | < 0.001 | |||
No | 6317 (67.96%) | 845 (100.00%) | 5472 (64.77%) | |
Yes | 2747 (29.56%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2747 (32.52%) | |
Regional category | 0.905 | |||
East | 3260 (35.08%) | 300 (35.50%) | 2960 (35.04%) | |
Midland | 3453 (37.16%) | 308 (36.45%) | 3145 (37.23%) | |
West | 2580 (27.76%) | 237 (28.05%) | 2343 (27.73%) | |
MetS | < 0.001 | |||
No | 5265 (56.66%) | 845 (100.00%) | 4420 (52.32%) | |
Yes | 4028 (43.34%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4028 (47.68%) | |
CRP (mg/L) | 2.81 ± 5.95 | 3.14 ± 7.20 | 2.58 ± 4.84 | < 0.001 |
eGFR (%) | 88.77 ± 16.81 | 87.14 ± 17.09 | 89.94 ± 16.51 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (TG, mmol/L) | 1.69 ± 1.06 | 1.67 ± 1.10 | 1.70 ± 1.03 | 0.023 |
High density lipoprotein (HDL, mmol/L) | 1.32 ± 0.30 | 1.28 ± 0.31 | 1.35 ± 0.28 | < 0.001 |
Fasting blood glucose (FBG, mmol/L) | 5.86 ± 2.22 | 4.99 ± 0.52 | 5.94 ± 2.13 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) | 129.77 ± 20.16 | 133.12 ± 19.33 | 127.35 ± 20.40 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) | 76.19 ± 11.95 | 78.86 ± 12.16 | 74.27 ± 11.42 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (WC, cm) | 86.30 ± 13.08 | 86.71 ± 13.29 | 86.01 ± 12.93 | 0.011 |
Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2 ) | 24.80 ± 16.91 | 24.28 ± 13.21 | 25.18 ± 19.12 | 0.012 |
