Fig. 4

Effects of rhein on lipogenesis-related factors (SREBF1, CREB, FAS, SCD and ACAT1) in the ZFL cells (A, C, E, G, I; labeled in green letters) and zebrafish liver (B, D, F, H, J; labeled in red letters). Fatty acid β-oxidation (CPT1, AOX1, ATGL) in the ZFL cells (K, M, O) and zebrafish liver (L, N, P). Cholesterol synthesis and excretion genes (ABCA1b, HMGCL) in the ZFL cells (Q, S) and zebrafish liver (R, T). ER stress -related transcription factor in the ZFL cells (U, W) and zebrafish liver (V, X). Data were assessed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the control and treated groups * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001. Black lines under the asterisks cluster groups with same significance when compared to controls. Each group consisted of six samples, derived from two independent studies. Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), cAMP Response Element-Binding protein (CREB), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1), Fatty acid synthase (FAS), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1b), hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL1), Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6).