Fig. 5

Effects of rhein on gluconeogenesis related genes (G6PC, PCK1, PCK2, and FBP1a) in the ZFL cells (A, C, E, G; labeled in green letters) and zebrafish liver (B, D, F, H; labeled in red letters). Glycolysis (GCK, PKLR, PFKLa and PFKLb) in the ZFL cells (I, K, M, O) and zebrafish liver (J, L, N, P). Glucose transport (SGLT1, GLUT2) in the ZFL cells (Q, S) and zebrafish liver (R, T). Data were assessed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the control and treated groups * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001. Black lines under the asterisks cluster groups with same significance when compared to controls. Each group consisted of six samples, derived from two independent studies. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1(PCK1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 1a (FBP1a), glucokinase (GCK), pyruvate kinase (PKLR), phosphofructokinase liver isoform A (PFKLa) and phosphofructokinase liver isoform B(PFKLb), sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2).