Fig. 12

Samples of all class test images with predicted probabilities. The Figure was generated using the Matplotlib library (v3.7.1) in Python (v3.10.12). All experiments were conducted in the Google Colab environment. The following libraries and packages were employed for experimentation, computation, model prediction, and visualization: Keras (v2.11.0), TensorFlow (v2.11.0), NumPy (v1.24.3), Pandas (v1.5.3), Matplotlib (v3.7.1), Seaborn (v0.12.2), Scikit-learn (v1.2.2) for model evaluation and prediction on unseen data, and Grad-CAM implementations (tf-keras-vis v0.8.6 and keras-vis v0.5.0).