Table 9 Mann–Kendall trend analysis wind speed Dir Upper.

From: Assessment of climatic parameter variation and its impact on sustainable agriculture in Dir Upper Pakistan with mitigation and adaptation strategies

Time series

First year

Last year

n

Test S

Test Z

Significant

Q

M–K Trend

p-value

January

2002

2023

22

 

1.02

 

0.138

No trend

0.844977

February

2002

2023

22

 

0.17

 

0.008

No trend

0.567175

March

2002

2023

22

 

− 1.07

 

− 0.158

No trend

0.141968

April

2002

2023

22

 

0.11

 

0.017

No trend

0.544902

May

2002

2023

22

 

− 1.52

 

− 0.227

No trend

0.063918

June

2002

2023

22

 

− 0.23

 

− 0.038

No trend

0.410763

July

2002

2023

22

 

− 1.07

 

− 0.081

No Trend

0.141968

August

2002

2023

22

 

− 0.68

 

− 0.065

No trend

0.249282

September

2002

2023

22

 

− 0.17

 

− − 0.016

No trend

0.432825

October

2002

2023

22

 

1.52

 

0.092

No trend

0.936082

November

2002

2023

22

 

0.85

 

0.072

No trend

0.801206

December

2002

2023

22

 

− 1.80

 

− 0.149

No trend

0.035563

Annual

2002

2023

22

 

− 0.79

 

− 0.043

No trend

0.214898

III-V

2002

2023

22

 

− 0.85

 

− 0.115

No trend

0.198794

VI-VIII

2002

2023

22

 

− 0.45

 

− 0.041

No trend

0.325935

IX-XI

2002

2023

22

 

0.34

 

0.020

No trend

0.63246

XII-II

2002

2023

22

 

− 0.06

 

− 0.003

No trend

0.477513