Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants.
Variables | Total (n = 32467) | Without cancer (n = 29338) | With cancer (n = 3129) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 50.1 ± 17.7 | 48.5 ± 17.3 | 65.6 ± 13.9 | < 0.001 |
Gender | 0.001 | |||
Female | 16,300 (50.2) | 14,643 (49.9) | 1657 (53) | |
Male | 16,167 (49.8) | 14,695 (50.1) | 1472 (47) | |
Race | < 0.001 | |||
Mexican American | 5079 (15.6) | 4871 (16.6) | 208 (6.6) | |
Non-Hispanic white | 14,065 (43.3) | 11,910 (40.6) | 2155 (68.9) | |
Non-Hispanic black | 6807 (21.0) | 6380 (21.7) | 427 (13.6) | |
Other Hispanic | 3104 (9.6) | 2921 (10) | 183 (5.8) | |
Other races | 3412 (10.5) | 3256 (11.1) | 156 (5) | |
Education level | < 0.001 | |||
Less than high school | 7862 (24.2) | 7234 (24.7) | 628 (20.1) | |
High school or equivalent | 7497 (23.1) | 6787 (23.2) | 710 (22.7) | |
Above high school | 17,085 (52.7) | 15,295 (52.2) | 1790 (57.2) | |
Marital status | < 0.001 | |||
Married | 16,744 (51.6) | 14,958 (51) | 1786 (57.1) | |
Never married | 5758 (17.7) | 5563 (19) | 195 (6.2) | |
Living with partner | 2614 (8.1) | 2515 (8.6) | 99 (3.2) | |
Other | 7336 (22.6) | 6289 (21.4) | 1047 (33.5) | |
PIR | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3 ± 7.0 | 29.3 ± 7.0 | 29.2 ± 6.6 | 0.506 |
Smoking status | < 0.001 | |||
Never smoker | 17,732 (54.6) | 16,310 (55.6) | 1422 (45.4) | |
Former smoker | 8021 (24.7) | 6803 (23.2) | 1218 (38.9) | |
Current smoker | 6714 (20.7) | 6225 (21.2) | 489 (15.6) | |
Drinking status | < 0.001 | |||
Never drinker | 4639 (14.3) | 4217 (14.4) | 422 (13.5) | |
Former drinker | 5312 (16.4) | 4613 (15.7) | 699 (22.3) | |
Current drinker | 22,516 (69.4) | 20,508 (69.9) | 2008 (64.2) | |
Laboratory results | ||||
RBC, (million cells/uL) | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
RDW, (%) | 13.3 ± 1.4 | 13.3 ± 1.4 | 13.6 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |
Albumin, (g/L) | 42.2 ± 3.4 | 42.3 ± 3.4 | 41.5 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
WBC, (1000 cells/uL) | 6.9 (5.7, 8.4) | 6.9 (5.7, 8.4) | 6.9 (5.6, 8.3) | 0.112 |
ALT, (U/L) | 21.0 (16.0, 28.0) | 21.0 (16.0, 28.0) | 20.0 (16.0, 26.0) | < 0.001 |
AST, (U/L) | 23.0 (19.0, 27.0) | 23.0 (19.0, 27.0) | 23.0 (19.0, 27.0) | 0.055 |
BUN, (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 2.2 | 4.8 ± 2.1 | 5.9 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 |
Creatinine, (umol/L) | 76.0 (63.6, 89.3) | 75.1 (63.6, 88.4) | 81.3 (67.2, 97.2) | < 0.001 |
TC, (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 0.287 |
Medical condition | ||||
Depression, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
no | 29,574 (91.1) | 26,775 (91.3) | 2799 (89.5) | |
yes | 2893 (8.9) | 2563 (8.7) | 330 (10.5) | |
Medication use, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
no | 13,440 (41.4) | 13,030 (44.4) | 410 (13.1) | |
antidepressants drugs | 3598 (11.1) | 3042 (10.4) | 556 (17.8) | |
other drugs | 15,429 (47.5) | 13,266 (45.2) | 2163 (69.1) | |
Hypertension, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
no | 18,779 (57.8) | 17,641 (60.1) | 1138 (36.4) | |
yes | 13,688 (42.2) | 11,697 (39.9) | 1991 (63.6) | |
Diabetes, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
no | 26,164 (80.6) | 23,926 (81.6) | 2238 (71.5) | |
yes | 6303 (19.4) | 5412 (18.4) | 891 (28.5) | |
Coronary heart disease, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
no | 31,107 (95.8) | 28,273 (96.4) | 2834 (90.6) | |
yes | 1360 (4.2) | 1065 (3.6) | 295 (9.4) |
