Fig. 4

Immune signaling is upregulated in PNETs. (A–R) Representative IHC Staining immune markers including CD3, CD8, PDL2, FOXP3, CCL5, and NFκB, in adjacent benign, Grade 1, and Grade 2 tissue sections, respectively. Scale bars represent 50 μm. (S) Bar graph depicting abovementioned percentages of upregulation/downregulation of each marker, with Standard of Error plotted. (T) Box and whisker plot showing the range and median of density scores determined using the Mann-Whitney U test. The boxes represent the interquartile range (IQR), with whiskers extending to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 × IQR. The horizontal line within each box indicates the median. Statistical significance is stratified by tumor versus benign groups. Statistical significance is denoted as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001, and “ns” indicates not statistically significant. (U) Box and whisker plot showing the range and median of density scores determined using the Mann-Whitney U test. The boxes represent the interquartile range (IQR), with whiskers extending to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 × IQR. The horizontal line within each box indicates the median. Statistical significance is stratified by Grade 1 versus Grade 2 groups. Statistical significance is denoted as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001, and “ns” indicates not statistically significant.