Table 1 Basic characteristics of patients in the training and testing datasets.

From: Development and validation of a machine learning model for predicting mortality risk in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients

Variable

Training set (n = 175)

Test set (n = 76)

p-value

Basic information

   

Age (yrs)

52.52 ± 13.75

59.50 ± 14.26

0.106

Gender (Male)

112 (64.00%)

57 (75.00%)

0.0884

Height (cm)

168.63 ± 9.66

166.24 ± 14.66

0.4172

Weight (kg)

79.38 ± 23.72

77.28 ± 20.34

0.5465

BMI (kg/m²)

27.38 ± 7.04

27.68 ± 5.91

0.2411

Indications

   

AMI

49 (28.00%)

23 (30.26%)

0.7162

CA

29 (16.57%)

7 (9.21%)

0.1271

Myocarditis

5 (2.86%)

2 (2.63%)

0.9207

Sepsis

25 (14.29%)

8 (10.53%)

0.419

Comorbidities

   

DM

51 (29.14%)

30 (39.47%)

0.1084

HTN

77 (44.00%)

39 (51.32%)

0.2864

HL

46 (26.29%)

22 (28.95%)

0.6635

CRD

18 (10.29%)

5 (6.58%)

0.3506

CKD

22 (12.57%)

8 (10.53%)

0.647

Smoking history

74 (42.29%)

33 (43.42%)

0.8675

CHF

48 (27.43%)

18 (23.68%)

0.5366

Immunosuppression

17 (9.71%)

10 (13.16%)

0.4194

Vital signs and respiratory support

   

HR (bpm)

84.91 ± 44.21

97.53 ± 41.15

0.0888

SBP (mmHg)

67.95 ± 37.56

73.66 ± 31.03

0.4574

DBP (mmHg)

42.53 ± 24.93

47.47 ± 20.98

0.0761

MAP (mmHg)

55.53 ± 24.27

60.40 ± 20.90

0.109

UO (mL/h)

90.91 ± 82.29

86.96 ± 73.20

0.7398

FiO₂ (%)

57.85 ± 15.56

57.09 ± 13.60

0.7464

PEEP (cmH₂O)

8.40 ± 2.45

8.28 ± 2.52

0.1858

RR (breaths/min)

18.76 ± 12.21

21.72 ± 11.59

0.0816

IPP (cmH₂O)

24.56 ± 4.58

24.96 ± 4.18

0.6925

Laboratory tests

   

WBC (×10⁹/L)

13.59 ± 6.96

11.17 ± 6.33

0.0047

PLT (×10⁹/L)

144.61 ± 74.75

145.36 ± 74.89

0.9284

NEUT% (%)

4.45 ± 5.00

4.46 ± 4.52

0.9352

TBIL (µmol/L)

17.95 ± 36.02

28.71 ± 86.60

0.9006

ALB (g/L)

28.88 ± 8.23

27.39 ± 7.78

0.1836

AST (U/L)

612.79 ± 1216.19

650.54 ± 1112.22

0.7016

ALT (U/L)

815.11 ± 3303.84

720.08 ± 1292.06

0.3682

CREA (µmol/L)

172.42 ± 118.61

166.73 ± 127.99

0.265

CK (U/L)

1245.11 ± 2320.39

1042.45 ± 2080.17

0.6772

APTT (s)

75.40 ± 53.02

70.31 ± 52.89

0.646

PT (s)

22.29 ± 17.43

23.41 ± 17.74

0.9675

pH

7.24 ± 0.16

7.27 ± 0.14

0.1627

HCO₃⁻ (mmol/L)

19.00 ± 5.83

20.26 ± 5.71

0.1568

PaO₂ (mmHg)

156.12 ± 119.22

151.74 ± 112.48

0.7484

PaCO₂ (mmHg)

45.47 ± 21.93

45.16 ± 18.45

0.622

Lac (mmol/L)

8.91 ± 5.83

8.62 ± 6.48

0.4295

K⁺ (mmol/L)

4.49 ± 0.72

4.60 ± 0.68

0.1057

Scoring systems

   

GCS

9.80 ± 3.06

9.80 ± 2.83

0.8289

SAPS II

59.99 ± 15.69

57.81 ± 16.59

0.3211

VIS

29521.07 ± 62393.71

31568.79 ± 80731.46

0.8174

SOFA

10.40 ± 5.76

9.18 ± 6.04

0.1228

ECMO initiation and pre-ECMO treatments

   

Duration of mechanical ventilation before ECMO (hrs)

33.48 ± 85.99

25.03 ± 55.49

0.7461

Neuromuscular blocking agents

39 (22.29%)

9 (11.84%)

0.0537

Hemodialysis

50 (28.57%)

13 (17.11%)

0.0547

Outcome (Mortality)

83 (47.43%)

37 (48.68%)

0.8551

  1. yrs: years; AMI: Acute Myocardial Infarction; CA: Cardiac Arrest; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; HTN: Hypertension; HL: Hyperlipidemia; CRD: Chronic Respiratory Disease; CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease; CHF: Chronic Heart Failure; HR: Heart Rate; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; MAP: Mean Arterial Pressure; UO: Urine Output; FiO₂: Fraction of Inspired Oxygen; PEEP: Positive End-Expiratory Pressure; RR: Respiratory Rate; IPP: Inspiratory Peak Pressure; WBC: White Blood Cell Count; PLT: Platelet Count; NEUT%: Neutrophil Percentage; TBIL: Total Bilirubin; ALB: Albumin; AST: Aspartate Aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase; CREA: Creatinine; CK: Creatine Kinase; APTT: Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time; PT: Prothrombin Time; HCO₃⁻: Bicarbonate; PaO₂: Partial Pressure of Oxygen; PaCO₂: Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide; Lac: Lactate; K⁺: Serum Potassium; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; SAPS II: Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; VIS: Vasoactive-Inotropic Score; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
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