Table 5 Comparison results of offline simulation and HIL test.

From: Research on energy-saving adaptive optimization of hybrid electric vehicle based on improved dynamic programming and control rule extraction

Item

Offline simulation

HIL test

Fuel economy(L/100km)

17.35

17.40

Initial and final values of battery SOC(%)

70/70

70/70.25

Average fuel consumption rate(g/kWh)

215

217

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