Fig. 8 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 8

From: Synthesis, characterization, and comparative evaluation of hydroxychloroquine and its niosomal nanoformulation: anti-leishmanial, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulatory effects in photodynamic therapy

Fig. 8

Effect of HC, NHC, MA alone, with and without the light on intra-macrophages L. tropica amastigotes on gene expression (UP) and mean level of apoptotic mediator (DOWN) including Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase 3 compared to the UC group (# (P < 0.001 vs. MA),@ (P < 0.001 between HC vs. NHC),& (P < 0.001 between HC or NHC with and without Light).

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