Table 5 Evaluation of IC50 values for MA, HC, NHC, and FN with and without light exposure (HC + L, NHC + L, FN + L). The effects of these compounds were assessed against promastigotes and amastigotes of L. tropica, along with the CC50 values on macrophages to calculate SI.

From: Synthesis, characterization, and comparative evaluation of hydroxychloroquine and its niosomal nanoformulation: anti-leishmanial, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulatory effects in photodynamic therapy

Drugs

Amastigote

Promastigote

Macrophage

SI

IC50 (µg/mL)

P value

MTT assay

Trypan blue

IC50 (µg/mL)

P value

IC50 (µg/mL)

P value

CC50 (µg/mL)

MA

97.44

NR

283.64

NR

310.42

NR

635.6

6.52

HC

155.86

#

302.86

#

334.47

#

644.2

4.13

NHC

83.55

#,@

253.79

#,@

275.90

#,@

586.3

7.02

FN + L

105.35

#

275.83

NR

301.49

NR

711.3

6.75

HC + L

75.29

#,&

287.87

&

277.74

&

548.6

7.29

NHC + L

51.99

#,@,&

221.65

#,@,&

212.68

#,@,&

511.6

9.84

  1. # (P < 0.001 vs. MA),@ (P < 0.001 between HC vs. NHC),& (P < 0.001 between HC or NHC with and without Light).
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