Table 24 Cross-domain performance with different synthetic data ratios.
Dataset | 0% synthetic (95% CI) | 25% synthetic (95% CI) | 50% synthetic (95% CI) | 75% synthetic (95% CI) | 100% synthetic (95% CI) | Performance gain vs. real-only | Effect size (η²) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ExtVal-1 (rural) | 73.8% (72.1–75.5) | 82.4% (80.9–83.9) | 87.9% (86.6–89.2) | 89.4% (88.2–90.6) | 86.2% (84.8–87.6) | + 15.6% | 0.743 | < 0.001 |
ExtVal-2 (urban) | 76.2% (74.8–77.6) | 84.7% (83.5–85.9) | 89.3% (88.3–90.3) | 91.7% (90.8–92.6) | 88.1% (87.0-89.2) | + 15.5% | 0.718 | < 0.001 |
ExtVal-3 (mobile) | 69.1% (67.2–71.0) | 78.3% (76.6–80.0) | 83.6% (82.1–85.1) | 86.2% (84.8–87.6) | 82.7% (81.1–84.3) | + 17.1% | 0.689 | < 0.001 |
ExtVal-4 (international) | 71.9% (70.3–73.5) | 81.2% (79.8–82.6) | 86.4% (85.2–87.6) | 88.9% (87.8–90.0) | 85.3% (84.0-86.6) | + 17.0% | 0.701 | < 0.001 |
ExtVal-5 (early pathology) | 67.4% (65.4–69.4) | 76.8% (75.0-78.6) | 81.9% (80.3–83.5) | 84.6% (83.1–86.1) | 80.1% (78.4–81.8) | + 17.2% | 0.672 | < 0.001 |
ExtVal-6 (emergency) | 64.7% (62.6–66.8) | 74.2% (72.3–76.1) | 79.8% (78.1–81.5) | 82.3% (80.7–83.9) | 78.4% (76.6–80.2) | + 17.6% | 0.658 | < 0.001 |
ExtVal-7 (longitudinal) | 75.9% (74.3–77.5) | 83.6% (82.2–85.0) | 88.7% (87.5–89.9) | 90.8% (89.7–91.9) | 87.2% (85.9–88.5) | + 14.9% | 0.724 | < 0.001 |
Average external | 71.3% (70.7–71.9) | 80.2% (79.6–80.8) | 85.4% (84.9–85.9) | 87.7% (87.2–88.2) | 83.9% (83.3–84.5) | + 16.4% | 0.704 | < 0.001 |
