Table 31 Multi-institutional expert assessment results.

From: Novel metaheuristic optimized latent diffusion framework for automated oral disease detection in public health screening

Institution/country

Expert count

Overall rating (mean ± SD)

Diagnostic accuracy improvement

Confidence gain

ANOVA F-statistic

p-value

Institution A (USA)

3

4.69 ± 0.31

+ 16.8%

+ 22.1%

Institution B (USA)

2

4.74 ± 0.28

+ 17.9%

+ 24.2%

Institution C (Canada)

3

4.71 ± 0.33

+ 17.2%

+ 23.8%

Institution D (UK)

4

4.73 ± 0.29

+ 18.1%

+ 24.1%

Institution E (Germany)

2

4.70 ± 0.35

+ 16.9%

+ 22.9%

Institution F (Australia)

3

4.75 ± 0.27

+ 17.8%

+ 23.5%

Institution G (Japan)

2

4.68 ± 0.34

+ 17.0%

+ 23.2%

Institution H (Brazil)

1

4.72 ± 0.30

+ 17.5%

+ 23.7%

Overall analysis

20

4.72 ± 0.31

+ 17.4%

+ 23.4%

0.94

0.334