Table 7 Excavation classification system proposed by Abdullatif and Cruden7.

From: Re-evaluation of excavation class limits for underground excavations based on new data

Limits

Excavatability class

RMR > 60

Q > 3.20

Blasting

30 < RMR < 60

1.05 < Q < 5.20

Ripping

RMR < 30

Q < 0.14

Digging