Table 2 Overview of the distinguishing features of the known Flavonora species.
From: Flavonora: a new genus of lecanoroid lichens (Ascomycota, lichenized fungi)
F. boliviana | F. fimbriatula | F. inversa | F. stramineoalbida | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Thallus morphology | grey, green or white, thick, rimose to areolate, verrucose | grey-white, thick, rimose | pale yellowish grey or greenish white, thick, rimose, verrucose, usually with soralia | grey, thick, rimose, verrucose |
Apothecia | 0.3–1.9 mm in diam.; discs creamy, sandy, olive or grey | 0.3‒2.0 mm in diam.; discs black brown | 0.3–2.3 mm in diam.; discs olive grey, with umbo-like structure | 0.3–1.1 mm in diam.; discs creamy to orange–brown |
Amphithecium | 120 μm thick, with crystals; cortex gelatinous, 30 μm thick | 160 μm thick, with large crystals; cortex gelatinous, 40 μm thick | 100‒160 μm thick, with giant crystals (40‒55 μm in diam.); cortex, if visible, 100 μm thick | 147 μm thick; with large crystals; cortex amorphous, ca. 62 μm thick |
Epihymenium | greenish brown, HCl‒, K + (discoloured), N‒, with granules (pol +) soluble in K and insoluble in N | greenish black, HCl‒, K + green, N + red, without granules | brown or orange-brown, HCl‒, K + (discoloured), N‒, with granules (pol +) soluble in K and insoluble in N | brown HCl‒, K + (discoloured), N‒, with granules (pol +) soluble in K and insoluble in N |
Paraphyses | 3.4 μm thick, not thickened in the apical part | ca. 1.7 μm thick, in the apical part up to 3.4 μm | 2.0‒3.4 μm thick, not thickened in the apical part | 3.4 μm thick, not thickened in the apical part |
Hypothecium (incl. subhymenium) | orange-red, 110 μm high | orange, 130 μm high | orange-brown to dark brown, 185‒190 μm high | orange-brown, 170 μm high |
Ascospores | ||||
[μm] | 16.0–(17.9)–19.5 × 7.1–(8.4)–10.0 L/W = 2.1 | 17.9–(18.2)–19.0 × 9.9–(10.8)–11.2 L/W = 1.7 | 13.6–(13.6)–14.5 × 8.5–(10.2)–10.8 L/W = 1.3–1.5 | 12.1–(13.4)–15.2 × 7.1–(7.7)–9.0 L/W = 1.7 |
Pycnidia and conidia | not observed | pycnidia immersed; conidia filiform straight or slightly curved, 14–17 × 0.5–1 | not observed | pycnidia sessile; conidia filiform straight, 21–27 × 1–1.7 |
Chemistry | atranorin, usnic, confluentic and perlatolic acids, and a complex of unknown substances | atranorin, confluentic acid, ± 2'‒O‒methylperlatolic acid and xanthones | atranorin, arthothelin, thiophanic acid, and two or three unidentified xanthones | atranorin, ± usnic and 2’‒O‒methylperlatolic acid |
Distribution range | neotropical | tropical | tropical to temperate | tropical |
