Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included participants.

From: Correlation of broad-spectrum antibiotic utilization patterns with invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients and development of an early prediction model

Variables

Before PSM

After PSM

Non-broad- spectrum antibiotics (n = 877)

Broad-spectrum antibiotics (n = 1260)

P value

Non-broad- spectrum antibiotics (n = 665)

Broad-spectrum antibiotics (n = 665)

P value

Age, median (IQR), years

65.00 (54.00–73.00)

68.00 (57.00–74.00)

0.149

67.00 (55.50–74.50)

67.00 (56.00–74.00)

0.957

Male, n (%)

611 (69.67%)

937 (74.37%)

0.018

472 (70.98%)

477 (71.73%)

0.808

Smoking history, n (%)

490 (55.87%)

750 (59.52%)

0.099

393 (59.10%)

380 (57.14%)

0.505

Underlying diseases, n (%)

 COPD

252 (28.73%)

365 (28.97%)

0.923

212 (31.88%)

196 (29.47%)

0.372

 Diabetes

187 (21.32%)

307 (24.37%)

0.106

152 (22.86%)

150 (22.56%)

0.948

 Chronic renal disease

91 (10.38%)

170 (13.49%)

0.032

73 (10.98%)

80 (12.03%)

0.606

 Cirrhosis/liver failure

18 (2.05%)

27 (2.14%)

1.000

14 (2.11%)

14 (2.11%)

1.000

 Lung cancer

95 (10.83%)

99 (7.86%)

0.022

71 (10.68%)

60 (9.02%)

0.358

 Other solid tumors

69 (7.87%)

87 (6.90%)

0.447

47 (7.07%)

48 (7.22%)

1.000

 Sepsis

99 (11.29%)

360 (28.57%)

< 0.001

85 (12.78%)

90 (13.53%)

0.746

 Acute pancreatitis

2 (0.23%)

2 (0.16%)

1.000

2 (0.30%)

1 (0.15%)

1.000

 Pulmonary tuberculosis

111 (12.66%)

199 (15.79%)

0.046

99 (14.89%)

101 (15.19%)

0.939

 Bronchiectasis

123 (14.03%)

137 (10.87%)

0.031

85 (12.78%)

90 (13.53%)

0.746

 Asthma

41 (4.68%)

41 (3.25%)

0.109

28 (4.21%)

24 (3.61%)

0.672

 Interstitial lung disease

72 (8.21%)

135 (10.71%)

0.063

62 (9.32%)

68 (10.23%)

0.644

 Severe influenza

6 (0.68%)

2 (0.16%)

0.070

2 (0.30%)

1 (0.15%)

1.000

 Rheumatic and immunologic diseases

73 (8.32%)

131 (10.40%)

0.116

63 (9.47%)

71 (10.68%)

0.524

 Surgical history

66 (7.53%)

64 (5.08%)

0.021

41 (6.17%)

37 (5.56%)

0.726

 Hematological malignancy

53 (6.04%)

17 (1.35%)

< 0.001

15 (2.26%)

16 (2.41%)

1.000

 Neutropenia

13 (1.48%)

8 (0.63%)

0.072

7 (1.05%)

6 (0.90%)

1.000

Treatments, n (%)

 NIMV

177 (20.18%)

230 (18.25%)

0.287

138 (20.75%)

146 (21.95%)

0.640

 IMV

242 (27.59%)

691 (54.84%)

< 0.001

214 (32.18%)

220 (33.08%)

0.770

 CRRT

47 (5.36%)

156 (12.38%)

< 0.001

36 (5.41%)

44 (6.62%)

0.420

 TPN

50 (5.70%)

182 (14.44%)

< 0.001

45 (6.77%)

35 (5.26%)

0.299

 ECMO

5 (0.57%)

27 (2.14%)

0.003

4 (0.60%)

2 (0.30%)

0.687

 Urinary catheter

390 (44.47%)

915 (72.62%)

< 0.001

353 (53.08%)

356 (53.53%)

0.912

 CVC

180 (20.52%)

525 (41.67%)

< 0.001

152 (22.86%)

153 (23.01%)

1.000

 Glucocorticoids

333 (37.97%)

528 (41.90%)

0.073

262 (39.40%)

272 (40.90%)

0.615

  1. Data were presented as median (IQR) and count (%). P values were computed using the Mann-Whitney U test, or Chi-square test, as appropriate.
  2. PSM, propensity score matching; IQR: interquartile range; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NIMV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; TPN, total parenteral nutrition; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CVC, central venous catheters.
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