Table 3 Sensitivity analysis results of key hyperparameters.

From: Fault diagnosis using ISMA to optimize SVM parameters for aircraft engine damage repair

Hyperparameters

Justification range

Optimum

Method of adjustment

Volatility of accuracy

AE iterations

500–2000

1000

Systemic grid search (step size 200)

± 1.2

BiGRU hidden layer dimension

32–128

64

Systemic grid search (step size 16)

± 2.3

Size of ISMA population

20–50

30

Empirical validation (5 control experiments))

± 1.8

SVM penalty parameter C

0.1–100

25.6

ISMA automatic optimization

± 0.9

Sampling rates

22.05–48 kHz

44.1 kHz

System grid search (step 11.025 kHz)

± 1.5%

Window size

0.5–2 s

1s

System grid search (step size 0.5s)

± 1.7%