Table 10 Statistical analysis results of RMSE values for the proposed optimized MLP regression model.

From: Enhanced early chronic kidney disease prediction using hybrid waterwheel plant algorithm for deep neural network optimization

Metric

WWPA-GWO

WWPA

GWO

PSO

WOA

Number of values

10

10

10

10

10

Harmonic mean

0.0003

0.0006

0.0008

0.0008

0.0016

Geometric mean

0.0003

0.0006

0.0008

0.0008

0.0017

Geometric SD factor

1.127

1.054

1.066

1.039

1.312

Lower 95% CI (Geo. Mean)

0.0003

0.0006

0.0007

0.0008

0.0014

Upper 95% CI (Geo. Mean)

0.0003

0.0007

0.0008

0.0008

0.0021

Lower 95% CI (Harm. Mean)

0.0003

0.0006

0.0007

0.0008

0.0014

Upper 95% CI (Harm. Mean)

0.0003

0.0007

0.0008

0.0008

0.0021

Lower 95% CI (Quad. Mean)

0.0003

0.0006

0.0007

0.0008

0.0014

Upper 95% CI (Quad. Mean)

0.0003

0.0007

0.0008

0.0008

0.0022

Quadratic mean

0.0003

0.0006

0.0008

0.0008

0.0018

Mean

0.0003

0.0006

0.0008

0.0008

0.0018

Median

0.0003

0.0006

0.0008

0.0008

0.0017

Minimum

0.0002

0.0006

0.0006

0.0008

0.0010

Maximum

0.0003

0.0007

0.0008

0.0009

0.0030

Range

0.0001

0.0001

0.0002

0.0001

0.0020

25% Percentile

0.0003

0.0006

0.0008

0.0008

0.0016

75% Percentile

0.0003

0.0006

0.0008

0.0008

0.0018

10% Percentile

0.0002

0.0006

0.0006

0.0008

0.0010

90% Percentile

0.0003

0.0007

0.0008

0.0009

0.0029

Lower 95% CI (Mean)

0.0003

0.0006

0.0007

0.0008

0.0014

Upper 95% CI (Mean)

0.0003

0.0007

0.0008

0.0008

0.0021

Lower confidence limit

0.0003

0.0006

0.0008

0.0008

0.0015

Upper confidence limit

0.0003

0.0006

0.0008

0.0008

0.0020

Std. Deviation

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0005

Std. Error of Mean

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0002

Coefficient of Variation (%)

10.62

5.340

6.021

3.805

28.26

Skewness

− 2.379

0.9664

− 2.471

0.0641

1.426

Kurtosis

5.466

4.960

7.353

4.051

4.693

Actual confidence level

97.85%

97.85%

97.85%

97.85%

97.85%

Sum

0.0028

0.0063

0.0076

0.0082

0.0176