Table 1 Dietary formulation and proximate composition of the experimental diets.

From: Fermented rice polishings dietary supplementation sustainably enhanced growth performance, gut morphology, immune response and antioxidant status of Nile tilapia

Ingredients (g kg−1 dry diet)

Test diets

   

R0

R1

R2

R3

R4

Yellow corn

488

418

343

263

193

Rice polishings

0

100

200

300

400

Soya bean meal 46%

360

350

330

310

280

Fish meal

55

50

50

50

50

Glutin1

60

50

50

50

50

Mono-calcium phosphate

6

6

6

6

6

Fish oil

15

10

5

5

5

Calcium carbonate

5

5

5

5

5

NaCl

5

5

5

5

5

Sodium bicarbonate

1

1

1

1

1

Stay C2

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

Vitamins mixture3

1

1

1

1

1

Minerals mixture4

1

1

1

1

1

Choline chloride

1

1

1

1

1

Anti- mycotoxin

1

1

1

1

1

Proximate analysis%

     

 Dry matter

90.6

90.7

90.6

90.5

90.2

 Crude protein

27.4

27.3

27.44

27.65

27.5

 Crude lipid

4.72

5.13

5.63

6.62

7.62

 Crude fiber

3.48

4.59

5.64

6.68

7.68

 Crude ash

4.1

4.4

4.8

5.1

5.4

 Energy (kJ g−1)**

19.29

19.32

19.4

19.65

19.77

Amino acid analysis %

     

 Lysine

2.6178

2.8021

2.9856

3.1556

3.3256

 Methionine

1.2502

1.2935

1.33985

1.37745

1.42635

 Arginine

3.61325

3.943

4.2639

4.5623

4.8749

 Histidine

1.8473

1.8693

1.8909

1.8995

1.9224

 Isoleucine

2.5736

2.8109

3.0556

3.2838

3.5261

 Leucine

2.5124

2.9836

3.5294

4.0692

4.5889

 Phenylalanine

3.2211

3.272

3.3365

3.3785

3.4465

 Threonine

2.603

2.6648

2.7328

2.7828

2.8528

 Valine

3.438

3.5689

3.7069

3.8209

3.9619

  1. The experimental diets design: R0: Control unreplaced diet (0% Rice polishings supplementation level), R10: 10% Rice polishings supplementation level, R20: 20% Rice polishings supplementation level, R30: 30% Rice polishings supplementation level, R40: 40% Rice polishings supplementation level.
  2. 1Glutin: Corn gluten meal (62% crude protein).
  3. 2Stay-C 35.
  4. 3Vitamin mixture (g/kg diet): 0.10 β-carotene; 0.01 vitamin (D3); 0.05 vitamin (K3); 0.38 vitamin (E); 0.06 vitamin (B1); 0.19 vitamin (B2); 0.05 vitamin (B6); 0.0001 vitamin (B12); 0.01 biotin; 3.85 inositol; 0.77 niacine (nicotic acid); 0.27 Ca panthothenate ; 0.01 folic acid ; 7.87 choline choloride ; 0.38 ρ-aminobenzoic acid ; 1.92 cellulose.
  5. 4Mineral mixture (g/kg diet): 5.07 MgSO4; 3.23 Na2HPO4; 8.87 K2HPO4; 1.10 Fe citrate; 12.09 Ca lactate; 0.01 Al (OH)3 (Aluminum hydroxide); 0.13 ZnSO4; 0.004 CuSO4; 0.03 MnSO4; 0.01 Ca (IO3)2; 0.04 CoSO4.
  6. **Calculated using combustion values for protein, lipid and carbohydrate of 236, 395 and 172 kJ g− 1, respectively and carbohydrate was calculated by the difference: 100- (protein + lipid + ash).
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