Table 7 Monotonic relationships were observed for model I (H&E → CycleGAN) and model II (H&E → CUTGAN + DCLGAN). Respective models show direction and magnitude, derived from qualitative evaluations and HSFI, and are followed by the corresponding diagnostic interpretations.
From: VISGAB: Virtual staining-driven GAN benchmarking for optimizing skin tissue histology
Metric | Trend | Direction | Difference | Interpretation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model I | Model II | Model I | Model II | Model I | Model II | ||
H&E consistency | 4.8 → 4.4 | 4.8 → 3.9 | Positive | Positive | ↓8.3% | ↓18.8% | HSFI decreases proportionally with stain uniformity loss; structurally consistent trend |
Melanin differentiation | 4.7 → 4.2 | 4.7 → 3.6 | Positive | Positive | ↓10.6% | ↓23.4% | HSFI reflects minor pigment differentiation degradation; aligns with color domain fidelity |
Nuclear atypia | 90 → 75 | 90 → 45 | Positive | Positive | ↓16.7% | ↓50% | Drop in HSFI mirrors decline in nuclear feature fidelity; strong diagnostic concordance |
Tissue architecture | 95 → 90 | 95 → 55 | Positive | Positive | ↓5.3% | ↓42.1% | HSFI tracks structural coherence; minor deviation from gold standard |
Mitotic figure accuracy | 85 → 60 | 85 → 30 | Positive | Positive | ↓29.4% | ↓64.7% | Sharp drop in accuracy parallels steep HSFI loss; demonstrates sensitivity to fine-grained cell features |
No blurring | 95 → 85 | 95 → 55 | Positive | Positive | ↓10.5% | ↓42.1% | Lower sharpness directly reduces HSFI; confirms structure-preservation alignment |
Overstaining | 3 → 10 | 3 → 20 | Negative | Negative | ↑233% | ↑567% | HSFI decreases with overstaining; expected inverse relationship |
Hallucinations | 5 → 10 | 5 → 38 | Negative | Negative | ↑100% | ↑660% | HSFI inversely tracks artifact prevalence; confirms perceptual reliability |
Inter-rater agreement (Fleiss’ κ %) | 94 → 85 | 94 → 63 | Positive | Positive | ↓9.6% | ↓33% | HSFI declines in sync with consensus loss; supports reproducibility of diagnostic trust |
Turing test success | 92 → 81 | 92 → 50 | Positive | Positive | ↓12.0% | ↓45.6% | HSFI aligns with human perceptual success drop; validates perceptual interpretability |
