Table 1 Outcomes celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and celiac disease in the TEDDY cohort and case outcomes of interest in the MAVRiC case-cohort.

From: Microbial associations and viruses on the risk of celiac disease (MAVRiC): a longitudinal post-hoc case-cohort study

Outcomes in the

TEDDY Celiac cohort

Definition and time of onset

N a

Any CDA

(Primary outcome)

Two consecutive positive tTGA results (level > 1.3 U/ml) at least 3 months apart. Time of onset was age of seroconversion (first positive sample)

704/6132

Celiac disease

(Secondary outcome)

An intestinal biopsy showing a Marsh score 2 or greater during follow-up (n = 283). Time of onset at age of positive biopsy

306/704

No biopsy performed. Child had CDA and max average tTGA levels for any two consecutive samples during follow-up was ≥ 100 U/ml indicating serological proven celiac disease with > 99% specificity for biopsy proven celiac disease (n = 23). Time of onset was at age of first sample

Case outcomes of interest for the MAVRiC study

CD-onset b

(primary outcome)

Any CDA before age 4-years followed by a celiac disease diagnosis. Time of onset at age of CDA seroconversion (first positive sample)

306/704

CDA-hi b

(specific outcome)

Any CDA before age 4-years with tTGA level of the persistent sample

 ≥ 60 U/ml indicating serological proven celiac disease with > 90% specificity for biopsy proven celiac disease within a year of CDA development. Children with (n = 182/306) and without (n = 20) a subsequent celiac disease diagnosis are included. Time of onset was age of CDA seroconversion (first positive sample)

202/704

CDA children not selected as a case in the MAVRiC study

CDA-only b

Any CDA before age 4-years with no subsequent celiac diagnosis during follow-up in TEDDY. Onset at age of CDA seroconversion

398/704

  1. a = N refers to the number of children developing CDA before age 4-years of age (n = 704).
  2. b = Any CDA cases not included in the outcome definition were treated as a competing risk in the analysis and are censored at the age of CDA seroconversion (i.e. CDA non-cases still serve as controls in risk sets prior to age of their CDA development).
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