Fig. 1

Schematic and experimental setup for neurovisual classification using backscattered laser speckle patterns. (a) illustrates the system workflow: a laser is directed at the primary visual cortex (V1) while the subject views geometric shapes displayed on a monitor. Backscattered laser light from V1 is captured by a camera and processed by a computer to generate speckle patterns. A confusion matrix quantifies the classification accuracy of different visual stimuli. (b) The experimental setup. Shows the actual implementation, including the laser source, camera, and subject positioned in front of the monitor displaying visual stimuli. The green laser dot on the subject’s head marks the targeted area of the visual cortex.