Fig. 2

Absolute body weight of rats across study groups. Mean ± SEM body weights are shown for Control, E-cig, E-cig + CDP, E-cig quitting + CDP, and CDP groups (n = 7 each) at baseline, post-exposure (week 6), and post-treatment (week 9). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of Time (p < 0.0001), indicating progressive weight gain across all groups, with no significant Treatment or Time × Treatment effects.