Fig. 5

ROS levels in MeSCs after irradiation. ROS levels in all PBM-irradiated groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. Relative levels were calculated as the relative change from the control group. The experiment was performed with six replicates, and the mean value of every sample was used for group comparisons. Statistical analyses were performed using either Friedman’s non-parametric test or repeated-measures ANOVA. Mean values of each irradiated group were compared with both the control group and all other irradiated groups. n = 6, **p < 0.01.