Table 1 Parameters interpretation.

From: Fractal fractional approach to investigate the forecasting and dynamics of malaria disease for early control precaution

Symbol

Interpretation

Value (per unit time)

\(\Lambda\)

Input of susceptible humans for birth

1800

\(\Phi\)

Immigration rate of humans

0.60

\(\beta _{h_1}\)

Infection rate of humans in summer and winter

0.179

\(\beta _{h_2}\)

Infection rate of humans in spring and autumn

0.82

q

Reinfection or waning immunity rate \((I_p)\)

0.00014

\(\mu _h\)

Human natural death rate

0.0002

\(\alpha _1\)

Transmission rate of individuals from exposed class to \(I_{e}\)

0.243

\(\alpha _2\)

Transmission rate of individuals from exposed class to \(I_{ne}\)

0.0167

\(\gamma _1\)

Recovery rate of \(I_{e}\)

0.25

\(\gamma _2\)

Recovery rate of \(I_{ne}\)

0.3

\(\Theta\)

The rate of becoming an adult of a larvae

0.49

\(\delta\)

Death rate of larvae during complete metamorphosis

0.051

p

Larval carrying capacity

1000000

\(\beta _{m_1}\)

Infection rate of mosquitoes in summer and winter

0.0078

\(\beta _{m_2}\)

Infection rate of mosquitoes in spring and autumn

0.0078

\(\alpha _3\)

Transmission rate of mosquitoes from exposed to infectious class

0.195

\(\mu _m\)

Natural death rate of mosquitoes

0.066