Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Streptococcus gordonii type VII secretion system substrate EsxA induces neutrophil extracellular trap formation in infective endocarditis

Fig. 5

NET formation induced by S. gordonii strains in situ. In situ NET formation within vegetations induced by wild-type S. gordonii DL1, ΔessC, ΔesxA, and compΔesxA. (a) Vegetations harvested from S. gordonii-infected rats were stained with anti-rat MPO antibody (diluted 1:50) and labeled with Texas Red-conjugated secondary antibody for visualization of NETs using confocal microscopy (magnification 630x). The experiments were repeated three times, and a representative trial is presented. (b) The Volocity program was used to quantify the area of NET DNA fibers from three independent experiments. NETs were defined by co-localization of MPO and extracellular DNA (examples indicated by arrows), with total DNA normalized to 100%. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM); differences between two datasets were assessed using ANOVA; **P < 0.01.

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