Table 1 Renal function, hemodynamic parameters, biochemical measurements and inflammatory/fibrosis markers evaluated after the 45-day protocol.

From: Dapagliflozin treatment ameliorates oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in tenofovir-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

 

C (n = 7)

DAPA (n = 6)

TDF (n = 7)

TDF + DAPA (n = 8)

Body weigth (g)

396 ± 8

365 ± 5

396 ± 14

378 ± 10

GFR (mL/min/100 g)

0.76 ± 0.05

0.84 ± 0.10

0.43 ± 0.05ad

0.83 ± 0.04g

MAP (mmHg)

119 ± 3

120 ± 4

148 ± 3ad

124 ± 2g

RBF (mL/min)

6.2 ± 0.1

6.3 ± 0.1

5.5 ± 0.2bd

6.0 ± 0.1i

RVR (mmHg/ml/min)

19.1 ± 1.0

20.3 ± 0.5

25.7 ± 1.3ad

20.8 ± 0.5h

TBARSp (nmol/mL)

1.68 ± 0.13

1.79 ± 0.08

5.16 ± 0.35ad

2.97 ± 0.45beg

TBARSt (nmoml/mg )

786 ± 80

815 ± 111

1292 ± 75be

967 ± 114i

GSH (µmol/ml)

1.82 ± 0.16

1.91 ± 0.17

0.79 ± 0.13ad

1.18 ± 0.03aei

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

197 ± 3

195 ± 11

194 ± 6

195 ± 19

IL-1β (pg/µg protein)

7.36 ± 0.86

7.35 ± 1.13

11.95 ± 1.87cf.

6.22 ± 0.73i

IL-6 (pg/µg protein)

140.8 ± 13.4

164.3 ± 20.9

262.2 ± 51.7c

189.4 ± 23.9

IL-10 (pg/µg protein)

7.46 ± 0.36

7.51 ± 0.92

4.98 ± 0.19bf

6.64 ± 0.69i

IL-12 (pg/µg protein)

3.01 ± 0.19

3.1 ± 0.57

5.64 ± 0.69cf.

3.84 ± 0.55i

TGF-β1 (ng/µg protein)

0.87 ± 0.28

1.53 ± 0.28

2.31 ± 0.32b

1.26 ± 0.11i

Col III (pg/µg protein)

42.08 ± 8.20

38.75 ± 2.20

72.14 ± 13.29cf.

39.35 ± 3.90i

  1. C, Control; DAPA, Dapagliflozin; TDF, Tenofovir; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RBF, renal blood flow; RVR, renal vascular resistence; TBARSp, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARSt, renal tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; GSH, plasma glutathione; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-10, interleukin 10; IL-12, interleukin 12; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-beta 1; COL III, collagen type III. Values are mean ± SEM. ap<0.001, bp<0.01 and cp<0.05 vs. C; dp<0.001, ep<0.01 and fp<0.05 vs. DAPA; gp<0.001, hp<0.01 and ip<0.05 vs. TDF.
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