Fig. 1
Anti-proliferative effects of BGLSP on TPC-1 cells in vitro. (A) Dose-dependent effects of BGLSP (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL, 24 h) on TPC-1 cell viability assessed by CCK-8 assay (n = 3). (B, C) Colony formation capacity of TPC-1 cells treated with 1 mg/mL BGLSP at different seeding densities (200, 400, 600 cells/well) (n = 3). (D, E) Immunofluorescence staining of Ki-67 proliferation marker in TPC-1 cells following 1 mg/mL BGLSP treatment (24 h). Scale bar: 50 μm (n = 3). Data represent mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA (A) and unpaired Student’s t-test (C, E). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
