Table 12 The MLC results for image encryption using the S-boxes \(\mathcal {S}_{128}, \mathcal {S}_{224}, \mathcal {S}_{256},\) and \(\mathcal {S}_{521}.\).

From: An optimized substitution box generator based on cubic pell curves and its application in image encryption

Image

S-boxes

Entropy

Contrast

Correlation

Energy

Homogeneity

MAD

Clock

\(\mathcal {S}_{128}\)

7.9516

9.9846

0.0034

0.0158

0.3937

45.6098

APA

7.9549

10.0489

0.0046

0.0159

0.3964

47.6342

Cameraman

\(\mathcal {S}_{224}\)

7.9498

10.8673

0.0013

0.0157

0.3887

42.2167

\(\mathcal {S}_{256}\)

7.9543

10.7115

0.0112

0.0157

0.3858

34.6141

APA

7.9527

9.9973

0.0046

0.0158

0.3963

42.3679

Baboon

\(\mathcal {S}_{521}\)

7.9573

10.7438

0.0048

0.0157

0.3881

41.3454

AES

7.9578

10.6147

0.0013

0.0157

0.3900

47.5250

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