Table 1 Performance comparison of optimized machine learning models.
Model | Target | R2 | RMSE | MAE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gradient Boosting Regressor | LE% | 0.89 | 6.24 | 4.87 |
Random Forest | LE% | 0.84 | 7.89 | 6.12 |
SVR | LE% | 0.76 | 9.45 | 7.53 |
Gradient Boosting Regressor | EE% | 0.87 | 7.15 | 5.42 |
Physics-Informed NN | EE% | 0.83 | 8.10 | 6.25 |
XGBoost | EE% | 0.85 | 7.52 | 5.78 |
