Table 3 Physico-chemical, total phenols, and microbial contamination values of bee pollen samples. Ash, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents were expressed as percentages of the original sample on a dry weight basis (g/100 g). Total phenols were expressed as mg gallic acid per g dry weight of bee pollen (mg GAE/g dw), and aerobic mesophiles were given as colony-forming units per g of bee pollen (cfu/g).
From: Botanical origin, chemical composition, and microbiological quality of bee pollen from Iran
Sample | pH | Moisture (%) | Ash (%) | Carbohydrates (%) | Lipids (%) | Proteins (%) | Energy (kcal/100 g) | Total phenols (mg GAE/g dw) | Aerobic mesophiles (cfu/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 4.8 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 70.4 | 8.3 | 17.2 | 425.1 | 6.5 | 4.6 × 102 |
S2 | 4.7 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 68.7 | 5.6 | 21.1 | 410.8 | 6.8 | 4.4 × 102 |
S3 | 4.7 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 70.4 | 6.3 | 19.1 | 414.7 | 6.0 | 7.3 × 102 |
S4 | 4.7 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 70.6 | 7.1 | 18.0 | 418.3 | 11.5 | 2.0 × 103 |
S5 | 5.4 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 73.1 | 3.7 | 18.3 | 398.9 | 8.8 | 1.7 × 102 |
S6 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 72.1 | 4.5 | 19.2 | 405.7 | 6.3 | 4.2 × 103 |
S7 | 4.9 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 73.7 | 3.5 | 17.8 | 397.5 | 7.7 | 4.5 × 102 |
S8 | 5.3 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 69.5 | 7.6 | 18.9 | 422.0 | 8.0 | 1.0 × 103 |
S9 | 5.3 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 69.6 | 8.9 | 16.8 | 425.7 | 7.1 | 1.6 × 103 |
S10 | 5.4 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 72.4 | 5.8 | 17.1 | 410.2 | 6.6 | 1.2 × 103 |
S11 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 73.9 | 3.8 | 18.1 | 402.2 | 6.9 | 8.7 × 102 |
S12 | 4.9 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 69.6 | 6.5 | 19.2 | 413.7 | 7.1 | 2.9 × 102 |
S13 | 5.4 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 74.3 | 4.2 | 17.1 | 403.4 | 7.8 | 3.6 × 102 |
S14 | 5.4 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 74.5 | 4.6 | 16.5 | 405.4 | 6.9 | 6.0 × 103 |
S15 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 74.4 | 4.7 | 16.4 | 405.5 | 6.0 | 5.8 × 103 |
S16 | 5.2 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 71.3 | 3.7 | 20.3 | 399.7 | 6.5 | 2.7 × 103 |
S17 | 5.1 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 71.0 | 3.8 | 20.2 | 399.0 | 6.3 | 3.8 × 103 |
S18 | 5.3 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 75.8 | 3.1 | 16.8 | 398.3 | 6.9 | 2.4 × 102 |
S19 | 4.9 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 67.7 | 3.1 | 24.6 | 397.1 | 6.8 | 3.8 × 103 |
S20 | 4.9 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 75.1 | 2.1 | 18.2 | 392.1 | 6.4 | 2.4 × 102 |
S21 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 67.9 | 5.7 | 21.9 | 410.5 | 6.2 | 3.6 × 103 |
S22 | 5.3 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 75.7 | 3.2 | 16.5 | 397.6 | 6.7 | 1.2 × 102 |
S23 | 4.7 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 71.1 | 3.4 | 20.8 | 398.2 | 7.1 | 7.8 × 102 |
S24 | 5.2 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 72.1 | 4.2 | 18.9 | 401.8 | 6.8 | 6.0 × 102 |
S25 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 73.3 | 2.9 | 19.5 | 397.3 | 6.7 | 2.9 × 103 |
S26 | 5.4 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 72.2 | 2.4 | 20.5 | 392.4 | 6.1 | 3.8 × 103 |
S27 | 5.0 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 71.2 | 3.2 | 21.0 | 397.6 | 6.0 | 6.3 × 102 |
S28 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 74.2 | 2.9 | 18.4 | 396.5 | 6.2 | 6.0 × 102 |
Mean | 5.1 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 71.9 | 4.6 | 18.9 | 404.9 | 6.9 | 1.8 × 103 |
SD | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 9.5 | 1.1 | 1.8 × 103 |
Vmax | 5.4 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 75.8 | 8.9 | 24.6 | 425.7 | 11.5 | 6.0 × 103 |
Vmin | 4.7 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 67.7 | 2.1 | 16.4 | 392.1 | 6.0 | 1.2 × 102 |
