Table 4 Longitudinal association between eGDR and rate of change in frailty index.

From: Estimated glucose disposal rate and frailty in middle and older aged adults from three prospective cohorts

Characteristic

CHARLS

ELSA

HRS

β (95% CI)

p-value

β (95% CI)

p-value

β (95% CI)

p-value

eGDR, per unit

−0.005 (−0.007, −0.004)

< 0.001

−0.009 (−0.010, −0.008)

< 0.001

−0.009 (−0.010, −0.008)

< 0.001

Year

0.019 (0.016, 0.022)

< 0.001

0.004 (0.003, 0.006)

< 0.001

0.006 (0.005, 0.008)

< 0.001

eGDR, quartiles

      

Q1

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Q2

−0.033 (−0.040, −0.026)

< 0.001

−0.026 (−0.034, −0.019)

< 0.001

−0.005 (−0.014, 0.003)

0.236

Q3

−0.031 (−0.038, −0.024)

< 0.001

−0.038 (−0.046, −0.031)

< 0.001

−0.033 (−0.042, −0.025)

< 0.001

Q4

−0.029 (−0.036, −0.022)

< 0.001

−0.044 (−0.052, −0.035)

< 0.001

−0.045 (−0.054, −0.035)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

Cumulative eGDR, per unit

−0.001 (−0.002, −0.001)

< 0.001

−0.001 (−0.001, −0.001)

< 0.001

−0.001 (−0.001, −0.001)

< 0.001

Year

0.023 (0.020, 0.027)

< 0.001

0.007 (0.005, 0.008)

< 0.001

0.008 (0.006, 0.010)

< 0.001

Cumulative eGDR, quartiles

      

Q1

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Q2

−0.030 (−0.037, −0.023)

< 0.001

−0.026 (−0.033, −0.019)

< 0.001

−0.011 (−0.019, −0.002)

0.014

Q3

−0.034 (−0.041, −0.027)

< 0.001

−0.037 (−0.044, −0.030)

< 0.001

−0.035 (−0.044, −0.027)

< 0.001

Q4

−0.029 (−0.036, −0.022)

< 0.001

−0.044 (−0.052, −0.036)

< 0.001

−0.046 (−0.055, −0.036)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

Change in the eGDR

      

Class 1

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Class 2

0.001 (−0.006, 0.008)

0.727

−0.002 (−0.010, 0.007)

0.718

−0.004 (−0.013, 0.005)

0.396

Class 3

0.015 (0.0004, 0.030)

0.044

−0.000 (−0.006, 0.005)

0.868

0.016 (0.002, 0.030)

0.027

P for trend

0.115

 

0.818

 

0.254

 

Year

0.010 (0.009, 0.011)

< 0.001

0.001 (0.001, 0.002)

< 0.001

0.002 (0.001, 0.003)

< 0.001

  1. Adjusted covariates include age, sex, marital status, education, smoking status, drinking status, BMI, HDL-C, hsCRP, diabetes, and obesity.
  2. BMI, body mass index; CHARLS, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; CI, confidence interval; ELSA, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; hsCRP, high-sensitivity; C-reactive protein; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, Hazard Ratio; SD, standard deviation.
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