Table 4 Comparative experimental results of different loss functions.

From: LPAE-YOLOv8: lightweight aerial small object detection via LSE-Head and adaptive attention

Models

P

R

mAP(0.5)(%)

mAP(0.5:0.95)(%)

The number of model parameters (×106)

GFLOPs (×109)

CIoU

42.2%

30.6%

30.6%

17.7%

3.01

8.1

Inner-IoU

41.6%

30.7

30.1%

16.6%

3.01

8.1

XIoU

42.0%

30.7%

30.9%

17.8%

3.01

8.1

MPDIoU

40.9%

31.6%

31.0%

17.6%

3.01

8.1

EfficiCIoU

42.9%

31.2%

31.0%

17.6%

3.01

8.1