Table 2 Most frequently reported reactions (Higher Level Terms, HLTs) for selected top reported drugs from the SDG subgroups NSAIDs used in pain therapies, analgesia producing opioids, and other drugs used in pain therapies stratified by age group.
From: Age disparities in adverse reactions of drugs used in pain therapies in Switzerland
Younger adults (18–74 years) | Older adults (75 + years) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HLT | Counts, No. (%) | HLT | Counts, No. (%) | |
NSAIDs used in pain therapies | ||||
Diclofenac | ||||
Total reactions | 1535 (100.0) | Total reactions | 595 (100.0) | |
Renal failure and impairment | 68 (4.4) | Non-site specific gastrointestinal haemorrhages | 98 (16.5) | |
Non-site specific gastrointestinal haemorrhages | 57 (3.7) | Renal failure and impairment | 48 (8.1) | |
Nausea and vomiting symptoms | 51 (3.3) | Gastric ulcers and perforation | 37 (6.2) | |
Rashes, eruptions and exanthems NEC | 48 (3.1) | Anaemias NEC | 36 (6.1) | |
Allergic conditions NEC | 41 (2.7) | Haemorrhages NEC | 29 (4.9) | |
Ibuprofen | ||||
Total reactions | 1607 (100.0) | Total reactions | 291 (100.0) | |
Renal failure and impairment | 77 (4.8) | Non-site specific gastrointestinal haemorrhages | 45 (15.5) | |
Hepatocellular damage and hepatitis NEC | 59 (3.7) | Renal failure and impairment | 18 (6.2) | |
Rashes, eruptions and exanthems NEC | 57 (3.5) | Gastric ulcers and perforation | 15 (5.2) | |
Neutropenias | 51 (3.2) | Anaemias NEC | 13 (4.5) | |
Non-site specific gastrointestinal haemorrhages | 49 (3.0) | Haemorrhages NEC | 9 (3.1) | |
Mefenamic acid | ||||
Total reactions | 830 (100.0) | Total reactions | 196 (100.0) | |
Renal failure and impairment | 43 (5.2) | Non-site specific gastrointestinal haemorrhages | 23 (11.7) | |
Nausea and vomiting symptoms | 42 (5.1) | Renal failure and impairment | 18 (9.2) | |
Allergic conditions NEC / Rashes, eruptions and exanthems NEC | 29 (3.5) 29 (3.5) | Rashes, eruptions and exanthems NEC | 9 (4.6) | |
Diarrhoea (excl infective) | 25 (3.0) | Anaemias NEC / Gastric ulcers and perforation | 8 (4.1) 8 (4.1) | |
Non-site specific gastrointestinal haemorrhages | 22 (2.7) | Nausea and vomiting symptoms | 7 (3.6) | |
Metamizole | ||||
Total reactions | 1485 (100.0) | Total reactions | 396 (100.0) | |
Neutropenias | 245 (16.5) | Neutropenias | 64 (16.2) | |
Rashes, eruptions and exanthems NEC | 61 (4.1) | Marrow depression and hypoplastic anaemias | 23 (5.8) | |
Marrow depression and hypoplastic anaemias | 50 (3.4) | Leukopenias NEC / Thrombocytopenias | 19 (4.8) 19 (4.8) | |
Leukopenias NEC | 39 (2.6) | Sepsis, bacteraemia, viraemia and fungaemia NEC | 15 (3.8) | |
Febrile disorders | 35 (2.4) | Anaemias NEC / Non-site specific gastrointestinal haemorrhages | 12 (3.0) 12 (3.0) | |
Analgesia producing opioids | ||||
Morphine | ||||
Total reactions | 705 (100.0) | Total reactions | 239 (100.0) | |
Cortical dysfunction NEC / Dyssomnias | 33 (4.7) 33 (4.7) | Cortical dysfunction NEC | 21 (8.8) | |
Neurological signs and symptoms NEC | 27 (3.8) | Rashes, eruptions and exanthems NEC | 15 (6.3) | |
Nausea and vomiting symptoms | 26 (3.7) | Neurological signs and symptoms NEC | 10 (4.2) | |
Overdoses NEC | 20 (2.8) | Deliria / Mental disorders NEC / Muscle tone abnormal / Nausea and vomiting symptoms / Overdoses NEC | 8 (3.3) 8 (3.3) 8 (3.3) 8 (3.3) 8 (3.3) | |
Product administration errors and issues | 19 (2.7) | Coma states / Disturbances in consciousness NEC | 7 (2.9) 7 (2.9) | |
Oxycodone | ||||
Total reactions | 396 (100.0) | Total reactions | 207 (100.0) | |
Nausea and vomiting symptoms | 25 (6.3) | Cortical dysfunction NEC | 11 (5.3) | |
Substance related and addictive disorders | 16 (4.0) | Dyssomnias | 10 (4.8) | |
Dyssomnias / Gastrointestinal atonic and hypomotility disorders NEC | 12 (3.0) 12 (3.0) | Neurological signs and symptoms NEC | 9 (4.3) | |
Cortical dysfunction NEC / Hepatobiliary function diagnostic procedures / Neurological signs and symptoms NEC | 11 (2.8) 11 (2.8) 11 (2.8) | Anxiety symptoms / Hallucinations (ecxl sleep-related) | 7 (3.4) 7 (3.4) | |
Interactions / Product administration errors and issues | 9 (2.3) 9 (2.3) | Gastrointestinal atonic and hypomotility disorders NEC / Nausea and vomiting symptoms / Non-site specific injuries NEC | 6 (2.9) 6 (2.9) | |
Tramadol | ||||
Total reactions | 981 (100.0) | Total reactions | 322 (100.0) | |
Nausea and vomiting symptoms | 75 (7.6) | Cortical dysfunction NEC | 23 (7.1) | |
Cortical dysfunction NEC / Neurological signs and symptoms NEC | 42 (4.3) 42 (4.3) | Muscle tone abnormal | 18 (5.6) | |
Overdoses NEC | 30 (3.1) | Neurological signs and symptoms NEC | 16 (5.0) | |
Muscle tone abnormal | 29 (3.0) | Nausea and vomiting symptoms | 13 (4.0) | |
Dyssomnias | 28 (2.9) | Asthenic conditions | 12 (3.7) | |
Other analgesic drugs used in pain therapiesa | ||||
Gabapentin | ||||
Total reactions | 338 (100.0) | Total reactions | 135 (100.0) | |
Neurological signs and symptoms NEC | 16 (4.7) | Off label uses | 12 (8.9) | |
Nausea and vomiting symptoms | 10 (3.0) | Dyssomnias | 9 (6.7) | |
Cortical dysfunction NEC / Rashes, eruptions and exanthems NEC | 9 (2.7) 9 (2.7) | Cortical dysfunction NEC | 8 (5.9) | |
Anxiety symptoms / Asthenic conditions | 8 (2.4) 8 (2.4) | Dyskinesias and movement disorders NEC / Neurological signs and symptoms NEC | 7 (5.2) 7 (5.2) | |
Dyssomnias / Headaches NEC | 7 (2.1) 7 (2.1) | General signs and symptoms NEC / Non-site specific injuries NEC | 6 (4.4) 6 (4.4) | |
Paracetamol | ||||
Total reactions | 2694 (100.0) | Total reactions | 660 (100.0) | |
Hepatocellular damage and hepatitis NEC | 211 (7.8) | Hepatocellular damage and hepatitis NEC | 65 (9.8) | |
Poisoning and toxicity | 203 (7.5) | Hepatobiliary function diagnostic procedures | 36 (5.5) | |
Nausea and vomiting symptoms | 167 (6.2) | Rashes, eruptions and exanthems NEC | 23 (3.5) | |
Hepatobiliary function diagnostic procedures | 153 (5.7) | Coagulation and bleeding analyses | 20 (3.0) | |
Overdoses NEC | 81 (3.0) | Nausea and vomiting symptoms / Renal failure and impairment | 16 (2.4) 16 (2.4) | |
Pregabalin | ||||
Total reactions | 1121 (100.0) | Total reactions | 356 (100.0) | |
Neurological signs and symptoms NEC | 40 (3.6) | Cortical dysfunction NEC | 14 (3.9) | |
Dyssomnias | 34 (3.0) | Non-site specific injuries NEC | 12 (3.4) | |
Therapeutic and nontherapeutic responses | 28 (2.5) | Neurological signs and symptoms NEC / Rashes, eruptions and exanthems NEC | 11 (3.1) 11 (3.1) | |
Asthenic conditions | 26 (2.3) | General signs and symptoms NEC / Therapeutic and nontherapeutic responses | 10 (2.8) 10 (2.8) | |
Cortical dysfunction NEC | 25 (2.2) | Dyssomnias / Gait disturbances | 8 (2.2) 8 (2.2) | |
