Table 3 Differences in participant characteristics by latent classes of Work-Life balance changes during COVID-19 (n = 503).
Variable | Category | Class 1a (n = 409) | Class 2b (n = 39) | Class 3c (n = 55) | F or χ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 132(82.5) | 15(9.4) | 13(8.1) | 2.530 | 0.282 |
Male | 277(80.8) | 24(7.0) | 42(12.2) | |||
Age | < 40 | 82(75.7) | 7(6.5) | 19(17.8) | 7.828 | 0.251 |
40–49 | 108(85.7) | 9(7.1) | 9(7.1) | |||
50–59 | 134(81.2) | 15(9.1) | 16(9.7) | |||
≥ 60 | 86(81.9) | 8(7.6) | 11(10.5) | |||
Marital status | Single | 84(87.5) | 3(3.1) | 9(9.4) | 9.115 | 0.058 |
Living with a spouse | 300(80.2) | 30(8.0) | 44(11.8) | |||
Not living with a spouse | 25(75.8) | 6(18.2) | 2(6.1) | |||
Business type | Manufacturing | 141(82.9) | 11(6.5) | 18(10.6) | 4.981 | 0.289 |
Service industry | 183(79.2) | 24(10.4) | 24(10.4) | |||
Construction industry | 85(83.3) | 4(3.9) | 13(12.7) | |||
Business size | < 50 | 218(81.3) | 24(9.0) | 26(9.7) | 1.866 | 0.393 |
(no. of employees) | 50–400 | 191(81.3) | 15(6.4) | 29(12.3) | ||
Work schedule | Daytime | 379(82.0) | 35(7.6) | 48(10.4) | 2.133 | 0.344 |
Shift work | 30(73.2) | 4(9.8) | 7(17.1) | |||
Employment type | Regular | 233(79.8) | 25(8.6) | 34(11.6) | 1.104 | 0.576 |
Non-regular | 176(83.4) | 14(6.6) | 21(10.0) | |||
Position level | Staff | 199(79.0) | 23(9.1) | 30(11.9) | 2.005 | 0.367 |
Supervisor or above | 210(83.7) | 16(6.4) | 25(10.0) | |||
Psychosocial Well-being Index | Healthy | 5(35.7) | 1(7.1) | 8(57.1) | 56.797 | < 0.001 |
Potential risk | 367(84.0) | 25(5.7) | 45(10.3) | |||
High risk | 37(71.2) | 13(25.0) | 2(3.8) | |||
Working hours | < 40 | 218(81.3) | 21(7.8) | 29(10.8) | 4.453 | 0.348 |
(per week) | 40–51 | 107(80.5) | 14(10.5) | 12(9.0) | ||
≥ 52 | 84(82.4) | 4(3.9) | 14(13.7) | |||
Subjective economic level | Low | 155(79.1) | 22(11.2) | 19(9.7) | 5.368 | 0.060 |
≥ Middle | 254(82.7) | 17(5.5) | 36(11.7) | |||
Workplace Infection Prevention Practices for COVID-19 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 8.206 | < 0.001 (a, b < c) | |
Personal Infection Prevention Behaviors for COVID-19 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 3.4 | 11.863 | < 0.001 (a, b < c) | |
Factors related to flexible work arrangements | Institutional | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 5.861 | 0.003 (b < c) |
Organizational environmental | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 9.645 | < 0.001 (b < a,c) | |
Human resource management | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 2.696 | 0.068 | |
Work content | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 6.535 | 0.002 (a, b < c) | |
