Fig. 8
From: Nanoarchaeosomes for synergistic photochemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer
NA-Cis-AuNRs induce oxidative DNA damage in MDA-MB-231 cells. Immunocytochemical analysis showing the expression of the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in (A) untreated control cells and (B) cells treated with NA-Cis-AuNRs under NIR irradiation. FITC-labeled 8-OHdG (green) and nuclear counterstain Hoechst (blue) were visualized using fluorescence microscopy. The merged images reveal enhanced nuclear localization of 8-OHdG (indicated by white arrows) in the treated group, confirming increased oxidative DNA damage due to ROS generation and cisplatin-mediated stress. Scale bar = 100 μm.
