Fig. 4

Comparison of different Cave δ¹⁸O records, insolations, and AMOC intensity during the last two deglaciation and interglacial periods. (a) The δ¹⁸O records from Zhangjia Cave. This study (125–140 ka BP), among them 0 ~ 20 ka BP is a previously published record from Zhangjia cave²²; (b) The δ¹⁸O records from Wanxiang Cave⁴⁷; (c) AMOC intensity changes through simulation⁴⁸; The ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th record of CDH19 borehole on the Bermuda Rise indicate the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)^45,49,50; (d) The δ¹⁸O records from Sanbao Cave^13,29; (e) The δ¹⁸O records from Dongge Cave^21,51,52. (f) The δ¹⁸O records from Hulu Cave^14,53; The insolation forcing is depicted by 30°N–30° S July 21 insolation (Orange curve); Insolation at 65°N on 21 July (Gray curve). The vertical blue shaded bars indicate cold periods, and the vertical orange shaded bars indicate warm periods.