Table 2 Multivariable Cox analysis for the occurrence of venous thromboembolism, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, and other venous thromboses based on change for severity of proteinuria.

From: Improvement in proteinuria attenuates the occurrence of venous thromboembolism: A population-based cohort study

 

Number of participants

Number of events

Incidence rate

(per 1000 person years)

Unadjusted

Multivariable adjusted (1)

Multivariable adjusted (2)

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

Venous thromboembolism

1,712,507

45,711

1.88

      

Normal: 0 → 0

1,670,263

43,857

1.84

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

Improved

+1 → 0

13,034

464

2.55

1.39 (1.26, 1.52)

< 0.001

1.06 (0.97, 1.16)

0.229

1.05 (0.96, 1.15)

0.310

+ 2 → 0

3,922

166

3.07

1.67 (1.44, 1.95)

< 0.001

1.20 (1.03, 1.40)

0.018

1.18 (1.02, 1.38)

0.032

+ 2 → +1

732

57

5.92

3.28 (2.53, 4.26)

< 0.001

2.14 (1.65, 2.78)

< 0.001

2.10 (1.62, 2.72)

< 0.001

+ 3 ~ 4 → 0

787

43

4.10

2.25 (1.67, 3.03)

< 0.001

1.56 (1.16, 2.13)

0.004

1.53 (1.14, 2.07)

0.005

+ 3 ~ 4 → +1

178

14

6.30

3.55 (2.10, 6.00)

< 0.001

2.10 (1.25, 3.55)

0.005

2.07 (1.23, 3.49)

0.007

+ 3 ~ 4 → +2

204

25

9.82

5.60 (3.80, 8.27)

< 0.001

3.37 (2.28, 4.99)

< 0.001

3.29 (2.22, 4.87)

< 0.001

Progressed

0 → +1

14,248

572

2.90

1.58 (1.45, 1.71)

< 0.001

1.24 (1.14, 1.35)

< 0.001

1.23 (1.13, 1.34)

< 0.001

0 → +2

4,607

215

3.45

1.89 (1.65, 2.16)

< 0.001

1.35 (1.18, 1.54)

< 0.001

1.33 (1.17, 1.52)

< 0.001

0 → +3 ~ 4

965

52

4.06

2.24 (1.71, 2.94)

< 0.001

1.73 (1.32, 2.28)

< 0.001

1.71 (1.31, 2.25)

< 0.001

+ 1 → +2

787

54

5.19

2.86 (2.19, 3.73)

< 0.001

1.73 (1.32, 2.26)

< 0.001

1.72 (1.31, 2.24)

< 0.001

+ 1 → +3 ~ 4

198

15

6.02

3.40 (2.05, 5.63)

< 0.001

2.06 (1.24, 3.41)

0.005

2.22 (1.21, 3.22)

0.007

+ 2 → +3 ~ 4

268

17

4.91

2.75 (1.71, 4.42)

< 0.001

1.82 (1.13, 2.53)

0.013

1.77 (1.10, 2.45)

0.018

Persistent

+ 1 → +1

1,497

97

4.81

2.65 (2.17, 3.24)

< 0.001

1.76 (1.44, 2.15)

< 0.001

1.73 (1.42, 2.11)

< 0.001

+ 2 → +2

695

51

5.63

3.13 (2.38, 4.12)

< 0.001

2.02 (1.53, 2.65)

< 0.001

2.01 (1.52, 2.53)

< 0.001

+ 3 ~ 4 → +3 ~ 4

122

12

8.00

4.51 (2.56, 7.95)

< 0.001

2.92 (1.66, 5.14)

< 0.001

2.83 (1.61, 4.98)

< 0.001

Deep vein thrombosis

1,712,507

17,852

0.73

      

Normal: 0 → 0

1,670,263

17,184

0.72

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

Improved

+1 → 0

13,034

170

0.93

1.29 (1.11, 1.50)

< 0.001

1.01 (0.87, 1.18)

0.855

1.01 (0.87, 1.17)

0.935

+ 2 → 0

3,922

53

0.97

1.36 (1.04, 1.78)

0.026

1.02 (0.78, 1.34)

0.868

1.01 (0.77, 1.32)

0.959

+ 2 → +1

732

15

1.52

2.16 (1.30, 3.59)

0.003

1.54 (0.93, 2.56)

0.094

1.52 (0.91, 2.52)

0.108

+ 3 ~ 4 → 0

787

17

1.60

2.25 (1.40, 3.62)

< 0.001

1.66 (1.03, 2.67)

0.037

1.64 (1.02, 2.63)

0.043

+ 3 ~ 4 → +1

178

4

1.76

2.57 (1.04, 3.03)

0.004

1.72 (1.14, 2.34)

0.008

1.68 (1.03, 2.34)

0.030

+ 3 ~ 4 → +2

204

11

4.24

6.19 (3.43, 11.17)

< 0.001

4.28 (2.37, 7.73)

< 0.001

4.18 (2.31, 7.55)

< 0.001

Progressed

0 → +1

14,248

214

1.07

1.50 (1.31, 1.72)

< 0.001

1.22 (1.06, 1.39)

0.004

1.21 (1.06, 1.38)

0.006

0 → +2

4,607

68

1.08

1.52 (1.20, 1.93)

< 0.001

1.14 (0.90, 1.44)

0.292

1.12 (0.89, 1.43)

0.338

0 → +3 ~ 4

965

17

1.31

1.87 (1.16, 3.01)

0.010

1.55 (0.96, 2.49)

0.073

1.53 (0.95, 2.46)

0.080

+ 1 → +2

787

23

2.17

3.07 (2.04, 4.62)

< 0.001

2.05 (1.36, 3.08)

< 0.001

2.03 (1.35, 3.06)

< 0.001

+ 1 → +3 ~ 4

198

6

2.36

3.44 (1.54, 7.65)

0.003

2.33 (1.05, 5.19)

0.038

2.27 (1.02, 5.05)

0.045

+ 2 → +3 ~ 4

268

8

2.27

3.29 (1.65, 6.58)

< 0.001

2.51 (1.26, 5.02)

0.009

2.45 (1.22, 4.90)

0.011

Persistent

+ 1 → +1

1,497

41

2.01

2.84 (2.09, 3.86)

< 0.001

2.03 (1.49, 2.76)

< 0.001

2.01 (1.47, 2.72)

< 0.001

+ 2 → +2

695

17

1.84

2.64 (1.64, 4.24)

< 0.001

1.86 (1.16, 2.99)

0.011

1.84 (1.15, 2.97)

0.012

+ 3 ~ 4 → +3 ~ 4

122

4

2.59

3.81 (1.43, 10.16)

0.008

2.82 (1.06, 7.52)

0.038

2.75 (1.03, 7.34)

0.043

Pulmonary thromboembolism

1,712,507

9,285

0.38

      

Normal: 0 → 0

1,670,263

8,937

0.37

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

Improved

+1 → 0

13,034

95

0.52

1.39 (1.13, 1.70)

0.002

1.05 (0.85, 1.28)

0.671

1.04 (0.85, 1.27)

0.712

+ 2 → 0

3,922

29

0.53

1.43 (0.99, 2.05)

0.057

1.04 (0.72, 1.49)

0.852

1.02 (0.71, 1.47)

0.903

+ 2 → +1

732

6

0.60

1.65 (0.74, 3.68)

0.219

1.10 (0.49, 2.44)

0.822

1.08 (0.49, 2.41)

0.846

+ 3 ~ 4 → 0

787

7

0.66

1.78 (0.85, 3.74)

0.126

1.29 (0.61, 2.71)

0.502

1.28 (0.61, 2.68)

0.521

+ 3 ~ 4 → +1

178

0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+ 3 ~ 4 → +2

204

2

0.76

2.15 (0.54, 8.61)

0.278

1.40 (0.35, 5.59)

0.636

1.38 (0.34, 5.51)

0.651

Progressed

0 → +1

14,248

119

0.62

1.60 (1.34, 1.92)

< 0.001

1.24 (1.04, 1.49)

0.018

1.24 (1.03, 1.49)

0.020

0 → +2

4,607

38

0.60

1.63 (1.18, 2.24)

0.003

1.14 (0.83, 1.57)

0.407

1.14 (0.83, 1.56)

0.436

0 → +3 ~ 4

965

10

0.77

2.11 (1.14, 3.93)

3.07 (1.74, 5.41)

0.018

1.71 (0.91, 3.16)

0.095

1.69 (0.91, 3.14)

0.098

+ 1 → +2

787

12

1.13

 

< 0.001

1.85 (1.05, 3.25)

0.034

1.83 (1.04, 3.23)

0.036

+ 1 → +3 ~ 4

198

1

0.39

1.10 (0.16, 7.83)

0.923

0.70 (0.10, 4.98)

0.723

0.69 (0.10, 4.88)

0.708

+ 2 → +3 ~ 4

268

0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Persistent

+ 1 → +1

1,497

12

0.58

1.59 (0.90, 2.80)

0.108

1.04 (0.59, 1.83)

0.893

1.03 (0.58, 1.81)

0.922

+ 2 → +2

695

15

1.62

4.48 (2.70, 7.44)

< 0.001

2.90 (1.74, 4.81)

< 0.001

2.88 (1.74, 4.79)

< 0.001

+ 3 ~ 4 → +3 ~ 4

122

2

1.29

3.63 (1.91, 5.34)

0.022

2.44 (1.21, 3.64)

0.021

2.41 (1.18, 3.63)

0.021

Other venous thromboses

1,712,507

22,441

0.92

      

Normal: 0 → 0

1,670,263

21,424

0.90

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

Improved

+1 → 0

13,034

238

1.30

1.45 (1.28, 1.65)

< 0.001

1.09 (0.96, 1.24)

0.192

1.08 (0.95, 1.23)

0.251

+ 2 → 0

3,922

99

1.82

2.04 (1.67, 2.48)

< 0.001

1.42 (1.17, 1.73)

< 0.001

1.39 (1.14, 1.70)

0.001

+ 2 → +1

732

39

4.01

4.53 (3.31, 6.20)

< 0.001

2.78 (2.03, 3.80)

< 0.001

2.71 (1.98, 3.71)

< 0.001

+ 3 ~ 4 → 0

787

21

1.99

2.23 (1.46, 3.43)

< 0.001

1.48 (0.97, 2.27)

0.073

1.45 (0.94, 2.22)

0.090

+ 3 ~ 4 → +1

178

12

5.38

6.16 (3.5, 10.84)

< 0.001

3.43 (1.95, 6.04)

< 0.001

3.37 (1.91, 5.93)

< 0.001

+ 3 ~ 4 → +2

204

13

5.06

5.78 (3.35, 9.95)

< 0.001

3.20 (1.86, 5.52)

< 0.001

3.11 (1.81, 5.37)

< 0.001

Progressed

0 → +1

14,248

302

1.52

1.70 (1.52, 1.91)

< 0.001

1.31 (1.17, 1.47)

< 0.001

1.30 (1.16, 1.45)

< 0.001

0 → +2

4,607

132

2.11

2.36 (1.99, 2.81)

< 0.001

1.63 (1.38, 1.94)

< 0.001

1.61 (1.36, 1.91)

< 0.001

0 → +3 ~ 4

965

28

2.17

2.45 (1.69, 3.55)

< 0.001

1.81 (1.25, 2.62)

0.002

1.78 (1.23, 2.58)

0.002

+ 1 → +2

787

30

2.86

3.21 (2.25, 4.60)

< 0.001

1.83 (1.28, 2.62)

0.001

1.81 (1.27, 2.59)

0.001

+ 1 → +3 ~ 4

198

9

3.60

4.11 (2.14, 7.91)

< 0.001

2.31 (1.20, 4.43)

0.012

2.24 (1.17, 4.31)

0.016

+ 2 → +3 ~ 4

268

10

2.86

3.24 (1.74, 6.02)

< 0.001

1.94 (1.04, 3.61)

0.037

1.88 (1.01, 3.50)

0.046

Persistent

+ 1 → +1

1,497

50

2.46

2.77 (2.10, 3.65)

< 0.001

1.75 (1.33, 2.31)

< 0.001

1.72 (1.30, 2.27)

< 0.001

+ 2 → +2

695

25

2.73

3.09 (2.09, 4.58)

< 0.001

1.87 (1.27, 2.77)

0.002

1.85 (1.25, 2.74)

0.002

+ 3 ~ 4 → +3 ~ 4

122

9

5.94

6.81 (3.55, 13.07)

< 0.001

4.03 (2.10, 7.75)

< 0.001

3.89 (2.02, 7.47)

< 0.001

  1. Multivariable model (1) was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, and comorbidities.
  2. Multivariable model (2) was adjusted for the variables listed above as well as the Charlson Comorbidity Index.
  3. HR, hazard ratio, CI, confidence interval.
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