Table 3 Epididymal sperm plasma membrane functionality, DNA damage, viability, and abnormal morphology.

Sperm plasma membrane (%)

84.04 ± 2.75^a

83.53 ± 2.19 ^ab

80.31 ± 2.12^b

76.09 ± 2.29^c

62.14 ± 2.69^d

33.47 ± 1.13^e

Sperm viability (%)

89.53 ± 2.40^a

88.39 ± 2.68^a

84.43 ± 2.21^b

80.31 ± 2.25^c

73.93 ± 1.83^d

41.60 ± 1.04^e

Sperm DNA damage (%)

3.17 ± 0.18^e

3.83 ± 0.21^e

5.79 ± 0.35^d

8.65 ± 0.79^c

15.39 ± 1.12^b

25.85 ± 1.43^a

Sperm abnormal morphology (%)

2.56 ± 0.13^e

2.76 ± 0.16^e

8.43 ± 0.27^d

13.52 ± 0.53^c

25.39 ± 1.10^b

50.61 ± 1.91^a