Table 2 New quality productivity evaluation indicator system.

From: Unleashing new quality productivity for rural revitalization: a spatial panel data analysis of 282 cities in China

Variable

Primary indicators

Secondary indicators

Measurement method

Attribute

New quality productivity (NQP)

New-type laborers

Labor skills

Average years of education per capita

Positive

Labor consciousness

Entrepreneurial activity

Positive

Labor output

GDP per capita

Positive

New-type labor objects

Scientific and technological innovation

Number of patents granted per capita

Positive

Urban innovation index

Positive

Digital economy

Proportion of computer and software employees

Positive

Digital financial inclusion index

Positive

Green low-carbon

Carbon emissions

Negative

Industrial sulfur dioxide emissions

Negative

New-type labor means

New quality labor tools

Number of artificial intelligence enterprises

Positive

Agricultural machinery power per capita

Positive

New quality infrastructure

Number of internet access users

Positive

New quality energy

Energy consumption per unit of GDP

Negative