Table 8 Comparison with other adsorbent: maximum adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics.

ZnO-g-C₃N₄@(CMCH/ALG-g-PAA)

24.30

MB:25 ppm, 0.1 L, 145 min, pH 8.0, 0.1 g

Pseudo first order: 0.014 min^− 1

Elovich:

α: 0.482 mg g^− 1 min^− 1

β: 0.062 g min^− 1

This work

Xylan and gelatin-based hydrogel

26.04

120 min, pH 5.84

Pseudo second order : 0.182 g mg^− 1 min^− 1

⁸⁹

Carboxymethyl cellulose grafted polyacrylamide/carbon black nanocomposite hydrogel

27.32

pH 7, 30 min, dose 1.5 g/L, Initial concentration :10 mg/L

Pseudo second order: 0.0321 g mg^− 1 min^− 1

Elovich:

α: 127.6 mg g^− 1 min^− 1

β: 0.612 g min^− 1

⁹⁰

Gum acacia capped polyaniline-based nanocomposite hydrogel

35.41

pH 10 ,

Initial concentration: 10 mg L^− 1

Pseudo second order: 0.523 g mg^− 1 min^− 1

⁹¹

Corn starch, phosphate corn starch, starch nanocrystals and phosphate corn starch nanocrystals

88.53

pH 9, 45 °C, 15 min

Initial concentration: 500 mg L⁻

¹

Pseudo second order: 0.695 g mg^− 1 min^− 1

⁹²

Cellulose–Polyvinyl alcohol supported magnetic nanocomposites from lentil husk

46.51

120 min, pH8

Pseudo second order: 0.020 g mg^− 1 min^− 1

Elovich:

α: 41.11 mg g^− 1 min^− 1

β: 1.12 g min^− 1

⁹³