Table 1 Performance comparison of the developed models based on k-fold cross-validation (fivefold).

From: Integrating chemical modification pathways and machine learning for optimization of nitrate removal by rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) biochar

Model

5-Fold CV (R2 ± SD)

RMSE

RF

0.891 ± 0.06

0.078 ± 0.023

SVR

0.779 ± 0.103

0.113 ± 0.021

LR

0.759 ± 0.148

0.118 ± 0.041