Table 1 Comparison of outcomes after propensity score matching.

From: Comparative effects of fentanyl, morphine, and hydromorphone on postoperative delirium and outcomes after cardiac surgery: a propensity score-matched cohort study

Outcomes

Total (n = 2103)

Fentanyl

(n = 701)

Morphine

(n = 701)

Hydromorphone (n = 701)

p value

Primary outcome

POD, n (%)

297 (14.1)

155 (22.1)

74 (10.6)

68 (9.7)

< 0.001

Secondary outcomes

ICU mortality, n (%)

24 (1.1)

14 (2.0)

9 (1.3)

1 (0.1)

0.004

Hospital mortality, n (%)

28 (1.3)

16 (2.3)

8 (1.1)

4 (0.6)

0.017

ICU length of stay, days, Median (IQR)

1.5 (1.2–3.2)

2.0 (1.3–3.5)

1.5 (1.2–3.2)

1.4 (1.2–2.4)

< 0.001

hospital length of stay, days, Median (IQR)

7.0 (5.3–9.9)

7.8 (5.7–11.3)

6.7 (5.1-9.0)

6.9 (5.3–9.7)

< 0.001

Vasopressor-free days within 28 days, Mean ± SD

26.7 ± 4.1

26.1 ± 5.5

26.8 ± 3.7

27.3 ± 2.1

< 0.001

Ventilator-free days within 28 days, Mean ± SD

26.9 ± 4.0

26.3 ± 5.3

26.9 ± 3.8

27.5 ± 2.0

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented as n (%) for categorical variables, median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed continuous variables, and mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variables. IQR, interquartile range; POD, postoperative delirium; ICU, intensive care unit; SD, standard deviation.
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