Table 1 Bloom’s Taxonomy-Based classification of question groups by topic and difficulty.

From: Evaluation of ChatGPT-4o and DeepSeek as tools for orthodontic health literacy in public dental education

Question Group

Topic

Primary Cognitive Level

Difficulty Level

A

Basic Orthodontic Knowledge

Remember/Understand

Level 1 (Basic)

B

Orthodontic Risk Awareness

Understand/Apply

Level 2 (Intermediate)

C

Treatment Decision-Making Capacity

Apply/Evaluate

Level 3 (Advanced)

D

Oral Care in Orthodontic Treatment

Understand/Apply

Level 2 (Intermediate)

E

Long-Term Maintenance and Follow-Up

Apply/Analyze

Level 2–3 (Intermediate-High)