Fig. 10 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 10

From: Evaluating physics informed neural networks for water contamination risk prediction and environmental sustainability

Fig. 10

Spatial distribution of population density under varying toxin fields and activation sensitivities. Columns represent different activation functions’ analytical solution, \(\tanh (\textrm{y}_1)\), \(\tanh (2\textrm{y}_1)\), and \(\tanh (10\textrm{y}_1),\) while rows correspond to different toxin configurations. The color intensity indicates population density, with higher values representing stronger survival. This visualization supports the observation that \(\tanh (2\textrm{y}_1)\) yields more consistent performance across toxin environments.

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