Table 4 Biochemical variables of study participants by tertiles of dietary vegetable nitrate and nitrite.

From: The association between vegetable-derived nitrate and nitrite intake, cardiovascular risk factors and glycemic markers in obese individuals

Variable

Dietary vegetable nitrate tertiles (N = 338)

Dietary vegetable nitrite tertiles (N = 338)

1st

(N=112)

2nd

(N=113)

3rd

(N=113)

2nd

(N=113)

3rd

(N=113)

OR (CI)

P-value

OR (CI)

P-value

OR (CI)

P-value

OR (CI)

P-value

SBP (mmHg)

Model I

1

REF

0.999 (0.970–1.028)

0.939

0.989 (0.974–0.990)

0.012

1.013 (0.982–1.044)

0.420

1.036 (0.004–1.069)

0.090

Model II

0.998 (0.969–1.027)

0.881

0.976 (0.960–0.987)

0.049

1.014 (0.983–1.047)

0.371

1.035 (0003–1.068)

0.361

Model III

0.998 (0.953–1.044)

0.925

0.970 (0.967–0.989)

0.023

1.025 (0.980–1.071)

0.282

1.017 (0.962–1.076)

0.550

DBP (mmHg)

Model I

1

REF

0.976 (0.937–1.015)

0.225

0.982 (0.940–1.026)

0.420

0.990 (0.949–1.032)

0.631

0.962 (0.922–1.005)

0.082

Model II

0.977 (0.939–1.018)

0.267

0.979 (0.936–1.023)

0.351

0.989 (0.948–1.032)

0.610

0.958 (0.917–1.001)

0.061

Model III

0.988 (0.936–1.042)

0.650

1.006 (0.935–1.082)

0.882

0.984 (0.931–1.039)

0.552

0.940 (0 .884–1.016)

0.131

FBS (mg/dl)

Model I

1

REF

1.006 (0.977–1.036)

0.702

0.996 (0.960–1.032)

0.811

1.048 (0.98–1.087)

0.981

0.981 (0.972–0.998)

0.030

Model II

1.005 (0.975–1.036)

0.744

0.989 (0.953–1.028)

0.582

1.051 (0.97–1.090)

0.089

0.979 (0.960–0.980)

0.043

Model III

0.966 (0.913–1.022)

0.236

0.976 (0.914–1.042)

0.470

1.104 (0.891–1.183)

0.901

0.980 (0.971–0.990)

0.012

TC (mg/dl)

Model I

1

REF

0.974 (0.937–1.012)

0.188

0.973 (0.936–1.012)

0.180

0.977 (0.926–1.030)

0.382

0.920 (0.87–0.974)

0.004

Model II

0.974 (0.937–1.013)

0.199

0.975 (0.938–1.013)

0.191

0.975 (0.924–1.029)

0.367

0.924 (0.873–0.979)

0.013

Model III

1.009 (0.996–1.023)

0.183

0.994 (0.974–1.015)

0.570

0.997 (0.983–1.010)

0.612

0.989 (0.972–1.007)

0.250

TG (mg/dl)

Model I

1

REF

1.006 (0.999–1.014)

0.110

1.005 (0.997–1.013)

0.211

1.007 (0.997–1.018)

0.173

1.014 (0.94–1.024)

0.871

Model II

1.006 (0.998–1.014)

0.113

1.004 (0.996–1.013)

0.278

1.008 (0.997–1.018)

0.158

1.013 (0.98 -1.023)

0.671

Model III

0.999 (0.990–1.007)

0.767

0.997 (0.985–1.009)

0.610

1.001 (0.993–1.009)

0.844

0.997 (0.985–1.008)

0.572

HDL (mg/dl)

Model I

1

REF

1.017 (0.968–1.068)

0.508

1.010 (0.959–1.064)

0.692

1.056 (0.991–1.124)

0.091

1.074 (1.07–1.145)

0.030

Model II

1.019 (0.969–1.071)

0.479

1.014 (0.961–1.069)

0.610

1.055 (0.989–1.125)

0.101

1.071 (1.003–1.145)

0.041

Model III

0.992 (0.940–1.047)

0.771

0.991 (0.920–1.066)

0.809

1.039 (0.984–1.098)

0.172

1.019 (0.950–1.094)

0.609

LDL (mg/dl)

Model I

1

REF

1.028 (0.989–1.070)

0.161

1.025 (0.985–1.066)

0.221

1.018 (0.966–1.073)

0.514

1.079 (0.98–1.142)

0.781

Model II

1.028 (0.988–1.069)

0.173

1.023 (0.984–1.064)

0.261

1.020 (0.967–1.076)

0.472

1.075 (0.88–1.138)

0.897

Model III

1.090 (0.988–1.090)

0.309

1.056 (0.984–1.098)

0.672

1.020 (0.977–1.086)

0.870

1.090 (0.88–1.145)

0.782

Insulin (mIU/l)

Model I

1

REF

1.027 (0.898–1.174)

0.706

0.956 (0.800–1.143)

0.628

1.096 (0.945–1.270)

0.232

0.996 (0.836–1.187)

0.961

Model II

1.024 (0.894–1.173)

0.736

0.930 (0.768–1.127)

0.463

1.106 (0.952–1.285)

0.192

0.984 (0.820–1.180)

0.869

Model III

0.844 (0.624–1.141)

0.277

0.813 (0.557–1.188)

0.288

1.492 (1.056–2.108)

0.020

1.572 (1.058–2.336)

0.020

HOMA-IR

Model I

1

REF

0.975 (0.555–1.713)

0.931

1.190 (0.601–2.357)

0.622

0.689 (0.358–1.325)

0.261

1.009 (0.490–2.076)

0.981

Model II

0.990 (0.560–1.750)

0.970

1.288 (0.632–2.625)

0.491

0.661 (0.340–1.285)

0.222

1.044 (0.497–2.194)

0.910

Model III

1.732 (0.647–4.638)

0.273

1.205 (0.362–4.004)

0.765

0.234 (0.070–0.785)

0.022

0.213 (0.051–0.887)

0.032

QUICKI

Model I

1

REF

1.010 (0.980–1.921)

0.336

0.990 (0.980–1.20)

0.502

0.980 (0.555–1.713)

0.741

1.020 (0.91–1.77)

0.301

Model II

1.051 (0.982–1.831)

0.334

1.012 (0.91–1.67)

0.751

0.990 (0.560–1.750)

0.740

1.032 (0.98–2.05)

0.372

Model III

1.009 (0.990–1.632)

0.480

1.020 (0.98–2.05)

0.108

0.980 (0.988–1.012)

0.381

1.020 (0.99–1.12)

0.253

  1. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, QUICKI quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.
  2. The multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used for estimation of ORs and confidence interval (CI). Model I: crude, Model II: adjusted for age and sex, Model III: adjusted for age, BMI, sex, physical activity, and dietary energy intake. The bolded values show the statistically significance.
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